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Levels and Spatial Patterns of Effective Population Sizes in the Southern Damselfly (): On the Need to Carefully Interpret Single-Point and Temporal Estimations to Set Conservation Guidelines.
Evol Appl
December 2024
Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8198-Evo-Eco-Paleo Lille France.
The effective population size ( ) is a key parameter in conservation and evolutionary biology, reflecting the strength of genetic drift and inbreeding. Although demographic estimations of are logistically and time-consuming, genetic methods have become more widely used due to increasing data availability. Nonetheless, accurately estimating remains challenging, with few studies comparing estimates across molecular markers types and estimators such as single-sample methods based on linkage disequilibrium or sibship analyses versus methods based on temporal variance in allele frequencies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGenetic Prediction Modeling in Large Cohort Studies via Boosting Targeted Loss Functions.
Stat Med
December 2024
Institute of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Article Synopsis
- - Polygenic risk scores (PRS) are used to predict traits from genetic data based on common genetic variants, typically requiring methods suitable for large-scale, high-dimensional datasets.
- - The snpboost algorithm has been introduced to estimate PRS using individual genotype data through multivariable regression, effectively addressing the complexities of high-dimensional data analysis.
- - Recent advancements in snpboost now allow for the application of alternative loss functions, enabling more nuanced analyses such as time-to-event and count data, which improves risk stratification and quantifies prediction uncertainty for individual patients.
Modeling confidence in causal judgments.
J Exp Psychol Gen
August 2024
Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University.
Counterfactual theories propose that people's capacity for causal judgment depends on their ability to consider alternative possibilities: The lightning strike caused the forest fire because had it not struck, the forest fire would not have ensued. To accommodate a variety of psychological effects on causal judgment, a range of recent accounts have proposed that people probabilistically sample counterfactual alternatives from which they compute a graded measure of causal strength. While such models successfully describe the influence of the statistical normality (i.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVerbatim theatre as a creative approach to health professions education research translation.
Med Educ
November 2024
Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, Victoria, Australia.
Context: Traditionally, the impact and outcomes from health professions education research (HPER) have focused on academic outputs, whereas in the humanities, research translation is conceptualised more broadly and creatively, including research-based performances like verbatim theatre. Translating HPER findings through the emotive and embodied nature of a verbatim theatre performance provides a unique opportunity to translate research data and create alternative learning spaces for rich and valuable insights that aligns with transformative pedagogy.
Approach: In this paper, we describe the background of verbatim theatre, a form of performance, which draws on a research participants' testimony and lived experience and how we used this creative approach to translate HPER findings.
How the Post-Data Severity Converts Testing Results into Evidence for or against Pertinent Inferential Claims.
Entropy (Basel)
January 2024
Department of Economics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
The paper makes a case that the current discussions on replicability and the abuse of significance testing have overlooked a more general contributor to the untrustworthiness of published empirical evidence, which is the uninformed and recipe-like implementation of statistical modeling and inference. It is argued that this contributes to the untrustworthiness problem in several different ways, including [a] statistical misspecification, [b] unwarranted evidential interpretations of frequentist inference results, and [c] questionable modeling strategies that rely on curve-fitting. What is more, the alternative proposals to replace or modify frequentist testing, including [i] replacing -values with observed confidence intervals and effects sizes, and [ii] redefining statistical significance, will not address the untrustworthiness of evidence problem since they are equally vulnerable to [a]-[c].
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