Primary SARS-CoV-2 Pneumonia Screening in Adults: Analysis of the Correlation Between High-Resolution Computed Tomography Pulmonary Patterns and Initial Oxygen Saturation Levels.

Background: Chest High-Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) is mandatory for patients with confirmed Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and a high Respiratory Rate (RR) because sublobar consolidation is the likely pathological pattern in addition to Ground Glass Opacities (GGOs).

Objective: The present study determined the correlation between the percentage extent of typical pulmonary lesions on HRCT, as a representation of severity, and the RR and peripheral oxygen saturation level (SpO), as measured through pulse oximetry, in patients with Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR)-confirmed primary (noncomplicated) SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia.

Methods: The present retrospective study was conducted in 332 adult patients who presented with dyspnea and hypoxemia and were admitted to Prince Mohammed bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia between May 15, 2020 and December 15, 2020.

Brain MRI in SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia patients with newly developed neurological manifestations suggestive of brain involvement.

The increased frequency of neurological manifestations, including central nervous system (CNS) manifestations, in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is consistent with the virus's neurotropic nature. In most patients, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a sensitive imaging modality in the diagnosis of viral encephalitides in the brain. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of brain lesion patterns on brain MRI in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pneumonia patients who developed focal and non-focal neurological manifestations.

Severe hypertension secondary to renal artery stenosis and Cushing's syndrome.

We present an unusual patient who simultaneously had severe renal artery stenosis RAS and Cushing's syndrome. The case highlights the difficulty of reaching a specific diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome and the possible interaction between Cushing's syndrome and some other concurrent illnesses that this patient had. A 37-year old man presented with severe hypertension HTN and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus DM without clear physical signs of Cushing's syndrome.

Large deep venous anomaly presenting as a left frontal lesion.

Venous angiomas` also known as deep vein anomalies (DVA), are one of the well-described brain vascular malformations. Frequently they are diagnosed as an incidental finding on neuroimaging (CT or MRI). A DVA may present as a single enhancing venous channel or as a large vascular abnormality illustrated on cerebral angiogram.

Pitfalls in cerebrospinal fluid test for the diagnosis of neurosyphilis.

Objective: To determine the usefulness of cerebrospinal fluid tests in the diagnosis of neurosyphilis.

Methods: Two hundred and seven cerebrospinal fluid-Venereal Disease Research Laboratories tests were performed at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia between 1992 and 1997. The records of 14 cases with progressive neurological disease and reactive serum fluorescent treponemal absorbent antibodies or treponemal pallidum hemagglutination test were reviewed for clinical presentation, cerebrospinal fluid analysis and Venereal Disease Research Laboratories, neuro-imaging abnormalities and compatibility with the diagnosis of neurosyphilis.

Pitfalls in cerebrospinal fluid test for the diagnosis of neurosyphilis.

Objective: To determine the usefulness of cerebrospinal fluid tests in the diagnosis of neurosyphilis.

Methods: Two hundred and seven cerebrospinal fluid-Venereal Disease Research Laboratories tests were performed at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia between 1992 and 1997. The records of 14 cases with progressive neurological disease and reactive serum fluorescent treponemal absorbent antibodies or treponemal pallidum hemagglutination test were reviewed for clinical presentation, cerebrospinal fluid analysis and Venereal Disease Research Laboratories, neuro-imaging abnormalities and compatibility with the diagnosis of neurosyphilis.

18Fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (18FDG) PET scan of the brain in propionic acidemia: clinical and MRI correlations.

The clinical data and the imaging findings of the positron emission tomography (PET) and the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies in five patients, previously diagnosed to have propionic acidemia, were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were all normal at birth. The first clinical signs, typically hypotonia and failure to thrive, appeared during the first 2 years of life.

Fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (18FDG) PET scan of the brain in glutaric aciduria type 1: clinical and MRI correlations.

The clinical, PET (positron emission tomography) and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) findings of brain studies in eight patients, previously diagnosed to have glutaric aciduria type 1, were retrospectively reviewed. The neurological findings typically consisted of variable degrees of dementia and extrapyramidal symptoms (dystonia, choreoathetosis and rigidity). Both MRI and PET showed involvement of the putamina in all the patients.

Biotin-responsive basal ganglia disease: a novel entity.

We describe a novel, biotin-responsive basal ganglia disease in 10 patients. At onset, it appears as a subacute encephalopathy, with confusion, dysarthria and dysphagia with occasional supranuclear facial nerve palsy or external ophthalmoplegia, and progresses to severe cogwheel rigidity, dystonia and quadriparesis. These symptoms disappear within a few days if biotin (5-10 mg/kg/day) is administered, and there are no neurological sequelae.

Acute Wernicke's encephalopathy associated with hyperemesis gravidarum: magnetic resonance imaging findings.

A 25-year-old woman with hyperemesis gravidarum developed acute Wernicke's encephalopathy during prolonged intravenous fluid therapy without vitamin supplements. Delay in diagnosis led to a persistent severe neurological deficit, including coma. Gadolinium-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging revealed symmetrical lesions around the aqueduct and fourth ventricle, which resolved after treatment with thiamine.

Transarterial embolization of vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation after unsuccessful stereotactic radiosurgery. Report of three cases.

The authors present three cases of vein of Galen aneurysmal malformations (VGAMs) diagnosed in infancy and submitted by the referring teams for stereotactic radiosurgery as the initial therapy (therapeutic doses ranging between 20-25 Gy and 40-50 Gy to the peak dose). After the conventional follow-up of 18-24 months, no change could be detected in the angioarchitecture of the lesions. All three cases were then referred for endovascular treatment and underwent embolization by the transarterial route using liquid adhesives (N-butyl cyanoacrylate).

Mesencephalo-diencephalic angioanatomy in arteriovenous malformations. Endovascular management of transmesencephalic vs subependymal supply in 954 cases between 1982 and 1994.

This report presents the arteries of the mesencephalo-diencephalic region and their different role in the supply to the cerebral structures. Among them, the authors distinguish the subependymal and transmesencephalic arteries to which they pay a special attention since these vessels present a specific angiographic aspect. The importance of their differentiation is emphasized.

Mediastinal hydatid disease: report of three cases.

We report three patients who had mediastinal echinococcosis and then review the literature. The first patient had a primary anterior mediastinal echinococcal cyst, the second a mediastinal hydatid cyst, secondarily involving the mediastinum and mimicking Hodgkin's disease, and the third had a primary cardiac and pericardial hydatid cyst. In two patients computed tomography (CT) was helpful in making a preoperative diagnosis before any complication could arise.