Antimicrobial Resistance and the Prevalence of the Panton-Valentine Leukocidin Gene among Clinical Isolates of in Lithuania.

This study aimed to determine resistance to antimicrobials of strains isolated from clinical specimens in Lithuanian hospitals and to identify the genes conferring resistance and virulence. The study was carried out from June 2019 to September 2021. strains were isolated from skin, soft tissues, blood, lower respiratory tract, urine and other specimens.

Alkyl Gallates as Potential Antibiofilm Agents: A Review.

Biofilms, which consist of microorganisms embedded in a polymer-rich matrix, contribute to a variety of infections and increase antimicrobial resistance. Thus, there is a constant need to develop new chemotherapeutic agents to combat biofilms. This review article focuses on the use of alkyl gallates, gallic acid and its esters (methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, hexyl, octyl, and dodecyl gallate), most of which are found in plants, to inhibit biofilm formation.

Formulation of an based dental gel with antimicrobial activity.

Objectives: This study aims to formulate a new anti-caries dental gel with high antimicrobial activity.

Methods: essential oil was extracted using hydro-distillation, ethanol extraction, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, and high-performance liquid chromatography methods. Antimicrobial activity of the produced gels with oregano oil and extract was determined through the disco-diffusion method.

Lauryl Gallate Activity and : Its Effects on Biofilm Formation, Acidogenicity and Gene Expression.

bacterium is implicated in the pathogenesis of dental caries due to the production of biofilm and organic acids from dietary sucrose. Despite the availability of various means of prophylaxis, caries still has a high worldwide prevalence. Therefore, it is important to find new pharmaceuticals to inhibit biofilm formation and acidogenicity.

Suppressive Effects of Octyl Gallate on Biofilm Formation, Acidogenicity, and Gene Expression.

The accumulation of biofilm by bacteria on hard tooth tissues leads to dental caries, which remains one of the most prevalent oral diseases. Hence, the development of new antibiofilm agents is of critical importance. The current study reports the results from testing the effectiveness of octyl gallate (C8-OG) against: (1) biofilm formation on solid surfaces (polystyrene, glass), (2) acidogenicity, (3) and the expression of biofilm-related genes.

Inhibitory Effects of Ethyl Gallate on Biofilm Formation by Optical Profilometry and Gene Expression Analysis.

This study aimed to test the effectiveness of ethyl gallate (EG) against biofilm formation on solid surfaces (polystyrene, glass) and acidogenicity, and to examine the effect on expression of related genes. The biofilm that is formed by bacteria was evaluated using colorimetric assay and optical profilometry, while the pH of the biofilm growth medium was measured with microelectrode. The expression of genes encoding glucan binding protein B (), glucosyltranferases B, -C, -D () and F-ATPase (, ) was assessed using a quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).

Zanamivir Diminishes Lung Damage in Influenza A Virus-infected Mice by Inhibiting Nitric Oxide Production.

Background/aim: Severe pulmonary influenza A virus (IAV) infection causes lung inflammation and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), leading to overproduction of nitric oxide (NO). We studied whether zanamivir reduces pulmonary inflammation through inhibition of NO production in mice.

Materials And Methods: We treated IAV-infected mice daily with intranasal zanamivir.

Inhibitory capacity of Rhus coriaria L. extract and its major component methyl gallate on Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation by optical profilometry: Potential applications for oral health.

Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) bacterium is the most well recognized pathogen involved in pathogenesis of dental caries. Its virulence arises from its ability to produce a biofilm and acidogenicity, causing tooth decay.

Tumour-induced osteomalacia: a literature review and a case report.

Tumour-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome characterised by severe hypophosphataemia and osteomalacia, with renal phosphate wasting that occurs in association with tumour. The epidemiology likewise aetiology is not known. The clinical presentation of TIO includes bone fractures, bone and muscular pains, and sometimes height and weight loss.

The influence of Streptococcus pneumoniae nasopharyngeal colonization on the clinical outcome of the respiratory tract infections in preschool children.

Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae (SPn) is an important pathogen causing a variety of clinical manifestations. The effects of SPn nasopharyngeal colonization on respiratory tract infections are poorly studied. We evaluated the association of SPn colonization with features of respiratory tract infections.

Impact of malnutrition on postoperative delirium development after on pump coronary artery bypass grafting.

Background & Aims: Even though malnutrition is frequently observed in cardiac population outcome data after cardiac surgery in malnourished patients is very rare. No thorough research was done concerning the impact of malnutrition on neuropsychological outcomes after cardiac surgery. The aim of our study was to analyze the incidence of postoperative delirium development in malnourished patients undergoing on pump bypass grafting.

Reducing dental plaque formation and caries development. A review of current methods and implications for novel pharmaceuticals.

Dental caries is an oral disease, which has a high worldwide prevalence despite the availability of various prophylactic means, including the daily use of fluoride toothpastes, water fluoridation, dental sealants, oral health educational programs and various antiseptic mouth-rinses. One important reason for this is uncontrolled increase in consumption of foods containing considerable sucrose concentration, especially among children. Sucrose is easily metabolized by oral bacteria (mostly streptococci) to acids and, subsequently, causing tooth decay or dental caries.

Successful use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in a human immunodeficiency virus infected patient with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Introduction: We report a case of an adult patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) caused by multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria that was successfully managed with veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).

Case Report: A 25 year old male with no significant past medical history had been admitted to a local hospital due to dyspnea and fever. His pulmonary function subsequently failed necessitating mechanical ventilation (MV) and introduction of ECMO support.

Neuraminidase inhibitors reduce nitric oxide production in influenza virus-infected and gamma interferon-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages.

The influenza virus (influenza) infection causes an intense infiltration of pulmonary tissues by macrophages, which abundantly generate a free radical, nitric oxide (NO) resulting in lung damage. Neuraminidase inhibitors (NIs) restrict influenza virus replication but whether they can suppress NO production within macrophages is unknown. RAW 264.