Prospects for the use of nanozyme-based electrochemical and colorimetric sensors for antibiotic detection.

Rapid and accurate monitoring of residual antibiotic concentrations is of great importance in environmental monitoring. Therefore, research is active to develop new methods for analyzing antibiotics. Biosensors, including those based on nanozymes, are very successful for antibiotic analysis.

Bacterial Communities and Their Role in Bacterial Infections.

Since infections associated with microbial communities threaten human health, research is increasingly focusing on the development of biofilms and strategies to combat them. Bacterial communities may include bacteria of one or several species. Therefore, examining all the microbes and identifying individual community bacteria responsible for the infectious process is important.

Phage Antibodies for Detection of Diagnostically Important Antigens.

The need for rapid and cheap synthesis of large numbers of chemical compounds has contributed to the emergence of combinatorial chemistry (simultaneous synthesis of different compounds, in contrast to traditional synthesis, in which each substance is produced individually). Combinatorial library methods were initially applied only to peptides and oligonucleotides. By now, the scope of these libraries has expanded considerably to include proteins, synthetic oligomers, small molecules, and oligosaccharides.

Sensor system for analysis of biofilm sensitivity to ampicillin.

The resistance of biofilms to antibiotics is a key factor that makes bacterial infections unsusceptible to antimicrobial therapy. The results of classical tests of cell sensitivity to antibiotics cannot be used to predict therapeutic success in infections associated with biofilm formation. We describe a simple and rapid method for the real-time evaluation of bacterial biofilm sensitivity to antibiotics, with Pseudomonas putida and ampicillin as examples.

Optical Sensors for Bacterial Detection.

Analytical devices for bacterial detection are an integral part of modern laboratory medicine, as they permit the early diagnosis of diseases and their timely treatment. Therefore, special attention is directed to the development of and improvements in monitoring and diagnostic methods, including biosensor-based ones. A promising direction in the development of bacterial detection methods is optical sensor systems based on colorimetric and fluorescence techniques, the surface plasmon resonance, and the measurement of orientational effects.