Oxygen therapy and noninvasive respiratory supports in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: a narrative review.

Background: This narrative review was written by an expert panel to the members of the jury to help in the development of clinical practice guidelines on oxygen therapy.

Results: According to the expert panel, acute hypoxemic respiratory failure was defined as PaO < 60 mm Hg or SpO < 90% on room air, or PaO/FiO ≤ 300 mm Hg. Supplemental oxygen should be administered according to the monitoring of SpO, with the aim at maintaining SpO above 92% and below 98%.

Impact of inhaled sedation on delirium incidence and neurological outcome after cardiac arrest - A propensity-matched control study (Isocare).

Rationale: Poor neurological outcome is common following a cardiac arrest. The use of volatile anesthetic agents has been proposed during post-resuscitation to improve outcome.

Objectives: To determine the effects of inhaled isoflurane on neurological outcome, delirium incidence, ICU length-of-stay, ventilation duration, mortality during post-resuscitation care of ICU patients.

Defining predictors for successful mechanical ventilation weaning, using a data-mining process and artificial intelligence.

Mechanical ventilation weaning within intensive care units (ICU) is a difficult process, while crucial when considering its impact on morbidity and mortality. Failed extubation and prolonged mechanical ventilation both carry a significant risk of adverse events. We aimed to determine predictive factors of extubation success using data-mining and artificial intelligence.

Automated Oxygen Titration During CPAP and Noninvasive Ventilation in Healthy Subjects With Induced Hypoxemia.

Background: Automated oxygen titration to maintain a stable S has been developed for spontaneously breathing patients but has not been evaluated during CPAP and noninvasive ventilation (NIV).

Methods: We performed a randomized controlled crossover, double-blind study on 10 healthy subjects with induced hypoxemia during 3 situations: spontaneous breathing with oxygen support, CPAP (5 cm HO), and NIV (7/3 cm HO). We conducted in random order 3 dynamic hypoxic challenges of 5 min (F 0.

Elevations of Extracellular Vesicles and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Closed Circuit SCUBA Divers.

Blood-borne extracellular vesicles and inflammatory mediators were evaluated in divers using a closed circuit rebreathing apparatus and custom-mixed gases to diminish some diving risks. "Deep" divers ( = 8) dove once to mean (±SD) 102.5 ± 1.

Pulmonary Effects of One Week of Repeated Recreational Closed-Circuit Rebreather Dives in Cold Water.

: The use of closed-circuit rebreathers (CCRs) in recreational diving is gaining interest. However, data regarding its physiological effects are still scarce. Immersion, cold water, hyperoxia, exercise or the equipment itself could challenge the cardiopulmonary system.

Accuracy of Multiple Pulse Oximeters in Stable Critically Ill Patients.

Background: An accurate S value is critical in order to optimally titrate oxygen delivery to patients and to follow oxygenation guidelines. Limited prospective data exist on real-world performance of pulse oximeters in critically ill patients. The objective of this study was to assess accuracy and bias of the S values measured by several oximeters in hospitalized subjects.

Identification of a transcriptional signature found in multiple models of ASD and related disorders.

Epigenetic regulation plays a critical role in many neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In particular, many such disorders are the result of mutations in genes that encode chromatin-modifying proteins. However, although these disorders share many features, it is unclear whether they also share gene expression disruptions resulting from the aberrant regulation of chromatin.

Early heart rate variability evaluation enables to predict ICU patients' outcome.

Heart rate variability (HRV) is a mean to evaluate cardiac effects of autonomic nervous system activity, and a relation between HRV and outcome has been proposed in various types of patients. We attempted to evaluate the best determinants of such variation in survival prediction using a physiological data-warehousing program. Plethysmogram tracings (PPG) were recorded at 75 Hz from the standard monitoring system, for a 2 h period, during the 24 h following ICU admission.

Physiological effects of mixed-gas deep sea dives using a closed-circuit rebreather: a field pilot study.

Purpose: Deep diving using mixed gas with closed-circuit rebreathers (CCRs) is increasingly common. However, data regarding the effects of these dives are still scarce. This preliminary field study aimed at evaluating the acute effects of deep (90-120 msw) mixed-gas CCR bounce dives on lung function in relation with other physiological parameters.

Noninvasive Tidal Volume Measurements, Using a Time-of-Flight Camera, Under High-Flow Nasal Cannula-A Physiological Evaluation, in Healthy Volunteers.

Objectives: The mechanisms of high-flow nasal cannula are still debated but may be mediated by the generation of low positive end-expiratory pressure and a washout of the airway dead space. The aims of this study were to assess the effects of high-flow nasal cannula on tidal volume using a noninvasive method using a time-of-flight camera, under various conditions.

Design: A physiologic evaluation in healthy volunteers.

Accuracy of noncontact surface imaging for tidal volume and respiratory rate measurements in the ICU.

Tidal volume monitoring may help minimize lung injury during respiratory assistance. Surface imaging using time-of-flight camera is a new, non-invasive, non-contact, radiation-free, and easy-to-use technique that enables tidal volume and respiratory rate measurements. The objectives of the study were to determine the accuracy of Time-of-Flight volume (VT) and respiratory rate (RR) measurements at the bedside, and to validate its application for spontaneously breathing patients under high flow nasal canula.

Inased (inhaled sedation in ICU) trial protocol: a multicentre randomised open-label trial.

Introduction: The use of sedation in intensive care units (ICUs) is necessary and ubiquitous. The impact of sedation strategy on outcome, particularly when delivered early after initiation of mechanical ventilation, is unknown. Evidence is increasing that volatile anaesthetic agents could be associated with better outcome.

Simultaneous ventilation in the Covid-19 pandemic. A bench study.

COVID-19 pandemic sets the healthcare system to a shortage of ventilators. We aimed at assessing tidal volume (VT) delivery and air recirculation during expiration when one ventilator is divided into 2 test-lungs. The study was performed in a research laboratory in a medical ICU of a University hospital.

Surface imaging for real-time patient respiratory function assessment in intensive care.

Purpose: Monitoring of physiological parameters is a major concern in Intensive Care Units (ICU) given their role in the assessment of vital organ function. Within this context, one issue is the lack of efficient noncontact techniques for respiratory monitoring. In this paper, we present a novel noncontact solution for real-time respiratory monitoring and function assessment of ICU patients.

Automatic oxygen administration and weaning in patients following mechanical ventilation.

Purpose: To evaluate efficacy of FreeO2 device in oxygen weaning of patients after being liberated from mechanical ventilation (MV).

Methods: Prospective crossover cohort study in patients admitted to ICU and after MV weaning. FreeO2 curves were recorded during constant flow and FreeO2 modes.

Automated closed-loop standard manual oxygen administration after major abdominal or thoracic surgery: an international multicentre randomised controlled study.

Introduction: Hypoxaemia and hyperoxaemia may occur after surgery, with related complications. This multicentre randomised trial evaluated the impact of automated closed-loop oxygen administration after high-risk abdominal or thoracic surgeries in terms of optimising the oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry time within target range.

Methods: After extubation, patients with an intermediate to high risk of post-operative pulmonary complications were randomised to "standard" or "automated" closed-loop oxygen administration.

Automatic oxygen flow titration in spontaneously breathing children: An open-label randomized controlled pilot study.

Introduction: When children require supplemental oxygen due to acute hypoxemic respiratory distress (AHRD), manual control of the oxygen flow is often difficult and time-consuming, and carries the risk of unrecognized hypoxia and hyperoxia. To date, no automatic oxygen titration system has been developed and evaluated in spontaneously breathing children.

Methods: Children between 1 month and 15 years of age receiving supplemental oxygen due to AHRD were recruited within 24 hours following the onset of the O administration in a French University Department of Paediatrics.

Usual and Advanced Monitoring in Patients Receiving Oxygen Therapy.

Respiratory monitoring in patients receiving oxygen therapy for acute care is mandatory at the initial stage of in-hospital management given the potential risk of clinical worsening. Although some patients benefit from close monitoring in the ICU, the vast majority of them are managed in general wards with reduced staff and clinical supervision. The objective of monitoring is to detect early clinical deterioration, which may help prevent in-hospital cardiac arrest.