A pupillary image dataset: 10,000 annotated and 258,790 non-annotated images of patients with glaucoma, diabetes, and subjects influenced by alcohol, coupled with a segmentation performance evaluation.

The Pupillary Light Reflex (PLR) is the involuntary movement of the pupil adapting to lighting conditions. The measurement and qualification of this information have a broad impact in different fields. Thanks to technological advancements and algorithms, obtaining accurate and non-invasive records of pupillary movements is now possible, expanding practical applications.

5-Fluorouracil-loaded chitosan nanoparticles conjugated with methotrexate for targeted therapy of colorectal cancer.

The poor prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) is mainly associated with the highly invasive nature, delayed diagnosis, multidrug-resistant cells, tumor recurrence, and metastasis. Targeted therapies offer a promising means to enhance drug accumulation at the tumor site with the aid of cell-targeting ligands. Herein, chitosan-based multifunctional nanoparticles, conjugated with methotrexate (MTX) by covalent bonds, were designed for targeted delivery of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) to improve CRC therapy.

Association between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and all-cause mortality in patients with coronary artery disease: a real-world analysis using data from an international network.

The current cholesterol guidelines recommend maintaining low levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). However, recent studies have suggested that both very low and very high LDL-C levels may be associated with increased mortality in the general population. We utilized data from TriNetX, a global health research network, to investigate the association between LDL-C levels and all-cause mortality in patients with CAD.

Efficacy and safety of stereotactic radiosurgery with gamma knife machine in patients with essential tremor: a systematic review and single-arm meta-analysis.

Essential tremor (ET) is identified as the most prevalent movement disorder, primarily characterized by tremors in both upper extremities. The spectrum of surgical options for ET includes gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) and other stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) modalities. Despite the limitations of these options, SRS is deemed an essential and indispensable approach.

Trachemys dorbigni as a metal(loid) bioindicator: a study in rural and urban areas.

Metals and metalloids are persistent environmental pollutants with the potential for bioaccumulation, posing significant health risks, including genotoxicity. These contaminants are prevalent in industrial and agricultural runoff. This study utilizes Trachemys dorbigni, an aquatic reptile, as a bioindicator to assess environmental contamination by metals and metalloids in both rural and urban settings in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

The impact of education as a proxy for lifestyle habits on reducing the association with dementia prevalence in the Southern Region of Brazil.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of dementia among older adults from Florianópolis, in the Southern Region of Brazil.

Methods: Data were originally drawn from the Epifloripa Aging Cohort Study, a representative and community-based survey designed to evaluate older people's health. This cross-sectional study was conducted in two phases: the community-screening phase, in which the Mini-Mental State Examination and a multifunctional scale were administered to older subjects and close informants, respectively; and the hospital-diagnosis phase, when the Cambridge Examination and the National Institute on Aging criteria were used.

AIDS mortality in Brazil, 2012-2022: a time series study.

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a health problem in Brazil and worldwide. Without treatment, the infection can progress to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), with a high mortality potential. The objective of this study was to analyze the time trend of AIDS mortality in Brazil, macro-regions, federal units and their respective capitals, from 2012 to 2022.

Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome - An integrative review.

The American Heart Association recently defined the complex interactions among the cardiovascular, renal, and metabolic systems as CKM syndrome. To promote better patient outcomes, having a more profound understanding of CKM pathophysiology and pursuing holistic preventative and therapy strategies is critical. Despite many gaps in understanding CKM syndrome, this study attempts to elucidate two of these gaps: the new emerging biomarkers for screening and the role of inflammation in its pathophysiology.

Advances on polymeric nanocarriers for sustainable agriculture: Enhancing dsRNA/siRNA delivery to combat agricultural pests.

The application of exogenous RNA for gene-silencing strategies has gained significant traction in agriculture, offering a highly efficient and eco-friendly alternative to conventional plant protection methods. This success has been driven by advances in biotechnology, from the design of long double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA) molecules to the development of nanocarrier systems that address the challenge of RNA delivery into plant cells. In particular, polymer-based nanocarriers have emerged as a promising solution for enhancing the stability and delivery efficiency of RNA molecules.

A double ttrA and pduA knock-out mutant of Salmonella Typhimurium is not attenuated for mice (Mus musculus).

Despite numerous studies on Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium, the underlying mechanisms of several aspects of its virulence are still under investigation, including the role of the pdu and ttrA genes, associated with the metabolism of 1,2-propanediol using tetrathionate as an electron acceptor respectively. Our objective was to contribute to an understanding of the role of these genes inbacterial virulence for mice (Mus musculus) using an S.

Artificial Neural Networks to Predict Metabolic Syndrome without Invasive Methods in Adolescents.

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is increasing worldwide, and an increasing number of cases are diagnosed in younger age groups. This study aimed to propose predictive models based on demographic, anthropometric, and non-invasive clinical variables to predict MetS in adolescents. : A total of 2064 adolescents aged 18-19 from São Luís-Maranhão, Brazil were enrolled.

Diversity, vertical stratification and detection of Leishmania DNA in sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) collected in the Mapinguari National Park, Brazilian Amazon.

This study aimed to assess the diversity patterns of sand fly fauna across different strata and detect Leishmania DNA in these insects in the Mapinguari National Park in Rondônia and Amazonas states, Northern Brazil. Sand flies were collected with "HP" light traps in the canopy (15 m) and at ground level (1 m) on two trails, during August and November 2021 and March and August 2022. Polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing were used to identify Leishmania species.

Late dental and bone alterations in patients after orbital rhabdomyosarcoma treatment.

Purpose: Orbital rhabdomyosarcoma is a rare soft tissue sarcoma in childhood but with a good prognosis. Treatment usually includes surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. This study aimed to evaluate long-term alterations in teeth and cranial bones in children, adolescents, and young adults after oncologic treatment for childhood orbital rhabdomyosarcoma.

Ocular pharmacokinetics of acetazolamide from intravitreal implants by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry.

Glaucoma, a leading cause of irreversible blindness, affects about 70 million people globally. Its treatment focuses on reducing intraocular pressure. Acetazolamide, a potent anti-glaucoma drug, is currently used only systemically due to low solubility and permeation, which cause severe side effects.

Diuretic and Anti-hyperuricemic Effects of Geranyl Acetate in Rats.

Background: Geranyl acetate, a compound found in plant oils, has been studied for its potential effects on renal and cardiovascular ailments.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the diuretic and anti-hyperuricemic properties of geranyl acetate in male Wistar rats using a hyperuricemia-induced rat model.

Methods: Molecular docking studies were conducted to assess geranyl acetate's interactions with various targets.

MODY calculator applied in patients with clinical diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus: Is a higher cutoff needed?

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the mean post-test probability (PTP) of the Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) calculator in a multiethnic cohort of patients previously diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (T1DM).

Materials And Methods: The MODY probability calculator proposed by Shields and colleagues (2012) was applied to 117 patients from a T1DM outpatient clinic at a tertiary hospital in Brazil. Additionally, two exons of the gene were sequenced in eight patients who hadn't received insulin treatment within six months after the diagnosis.

Assessing reproductive effects and epigenetic responses in Austrolebias charrua exposed to Roundup Transorb®: Insights from miRNA profiling and molecular interaction analysis.

This study examines the effects of Roundup Transorb® (RDT) exposure on reproductive functions and ovarian miRNA expression in Austrolebias charrua. Exposure to RDT (at 0.065 or 5 mg.

The impact of immune recovery and treatment duration on disseminated histoplasmosis consolidation therapy in AIDS patients.

Introduction: The present study investigated the impact of immune recovery and the duration of antifungal adherence in the consolidation phase of disseminated histoplasmosis (DH) in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients living in a hyperendemic area in northeastern Brazil.

Material And Methods: Sixty-nine patients with DH/AIDS, admitted to the São José Hospital between 2010 and 2015, who continued histoplasmosis consolidation therapy at the outpatient clinic were studied. The follow-up duration was at least 24 months.