White mold, caused by the necrotrophic fungus , is a challenging disease to common bean cultivation worldwide. In the current study, two non-proteinogenic amino acids (NPAAs), -aminobutyric acid (GABA) and -alanine, were suggested as innovative environmentally acceptable alternatives for more sustainable management of white mold disease. , GABA and -alanine individually demonstrated potent dose-dependent fungistatic activity and effectively impeded the radial growth and development of mycelium.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSweet pepper ( L.), also known as bell pepper, is one of the most widely grown vegetable crops worldwide. It is attacked by numerous phytopathogenic fungi, such as , the causal agent of Fusarium wilt disease.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhytohormones mainly affect plant development and trigger varied responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. The sensitivity of methods used to profile phytohormones is a vital factor that affects the results. We used an improved GC-MS-based method in the selective ion-monitoring (SIM) mode to study the phytohormone profiling in citrus tissues.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA new series of 4-alkyl/aryl-2-oxo-1-pyrazolyl-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carbonitriles, pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5-carbonitriles and pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carbonitriles have been synthesized and tested for their anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. Among the tested compounds, 3e and 8b exhibited comparable anti-inflammatory activity to the standard (indomethacin). Compounds 5, 7a, and 8b displayed potent analgesic activity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSome new substituted quinoxaline and furo[2,3-b]quinoxaline derivatives have been synthesized and tested for their anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities and for their ulcerogenic potential. The pharmacological evaluation of selected synthesized compounds revealed that 5a was equipotent and compounds 3, 4b, 4e and 5b possessed strong anti-inflammatory activity in chronic inflammatory models compared with indometacin (CAS 53-86-1) as reference drug. In addition, compound 4a was the safest one and the others showed little ulcerogenic activity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPharmacol Biochem Behav
March 1999
Classical conditioning of the rabbit nictitating membrane response (NMR) was accomplished by presenting a 75-ms tone conditioned stimulus (CS) at intervals of 0, 100, 200, 400, and 800 ms before the presentation of a 100-ms shock unconditioned stimulus. Following every four paired trials (tone followed by shock), the occurrence of conditioned responses (CRs) was tested on every fifth trial in which only tone was presented (test trials). Three doses of nitrous oxide in oxygen (0, 33, and 67%) were used during conditioning.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Nitrous oxide (N2O) is commonly combined with a volatile agent for administration of general anesthesia. We studied the effects of N2O and isoflurane on learning of the rabbit nictitating membrane responses (NMRs).
Methods: Classical conditioning of the NMR was accomplished by presenting a 400 ms tone conditioned stimulus before the presentation of a 100 ms shock unconditioned stimulus over 6 daily training sessions.
Pharmacol Biochem Behav
December 1994
Two experiments were conducted in rabbits to examine the effects of ketamine (0, 100, and 200 mg/kg) on the acquisition and retention of the classically conditioned nictitating membrane response (NMR). Classical conditioning of the NMR was accomplished by pairing tone and light conditioned stimuli (CS) with paraorbital shock as the unconditioned stimulus (UCS). Experiment 1 assessed the effects of the drug on acquisition and retention of conditioned responses (CR) and determined the role of previous exposure to the experimental environment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Evidence concerning the concentrations of volatile anesthetics that prevent learning and recall is limited. Epinephrine is believed to enable learning during anesthesia. We investigated the effects of isoflurane and its interaction with epinephrine on learning and subsequent retention of the rabbit's classically conditioned nictitating membrane response.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnesthesiology
December 1993
Background: Previous research has been unable to show unequivocally whether flumazenil can reverse completely, partially, or not at all the memory effects of benzodiazepines. The effects of midazolam on implicit memory are also unknown. The behavioral effects of flumazenil by itself, and the acute reversal of benzodiazepine effects, are also controversial.
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