The etiology of acute hepatitis in adults in Egypt.

The causes of acute hepatitis were prospectively studied in 141 patients admitted to Embaba Fever Hospital, Cairo, Egypt in 1983. Serologic diagnosis showed: hepatitis A (0.7%), hepatitis B (46.

The etiology of acute hepatitis in hospitalized children in Cairo Egypt.

Seromarkers for hepatitis A, B and D were used to determine the cause of acute hepatitis in 94 children (age 2 to 14 years) prospectively studied when they were admitted to Embaba Fever Hospital in Cairo, Egypt, between January and April 1983. The diagnoses were: hepatitis A (4%), hepatitis B (33%), acute hepatitis in HBsAg carriers (10%), dual infections with A and B (2%), and hepatitis non-A, non-B (NANB) (50%). Past hepatitis A was diagnosed in 96%.

Effect of praziquantel on certain immune responses of schistosomal Egyptian patients. II. Cell-mediated lymphoproliferative response.

The lymphoproliferative blastogenic responses to mitogens, PHA and Con A, and to schistosome-derived antigens. S. mansoni worm and egg, were tested in 35 schistosomal patients and 10 healthy controls.

Effect of praziquantel on certain immune responses of schistosomal Egyptian patients. I. Changes of specific immunoglobulins.

Specific antischistosomal IgG, IgM, and IgE were estimated by ELISA in 117 rural school students before specific treatment with praziquantel monthly for 3-4 months thereafter. IgG and IgM were estimated as percentage of bound antibodies. IgE was estimated by avidin-biotin ELISA (AB-ELISA) as IU/ml using a panel of known IgE standards.

Subcutaneous implantation of the spleen as a new technique for experimental induction of hepatic Schistosoma mansoni egg granulomas.

Schistosoma mansoni egg granulomas were induced in the livers of mice by injecting eggs into spleens which had been surgically exposed with their vascular beds intact. Subsequent return of the spleens to a subcutaneous site allows repeated injections of eggs into the liver if necessary.

Prevalence of Entamoeba histolytica in patients with schistosomal colonic polyposis.

Two hundred and fifty-seven Egyptian patients were classified into three groups: patients with schistosomal colonic polyposis, those with simple schistosomiasis without polyposis, and a non-schistosomal group. A diagnosis of schistosomiasis was made by clinical history and examination plus three fresh stool examinations or a rectal biopsy. The presence of schistosomal colonic polyps was established by sigmoidoscopy and biopsy of polyps.

Delayed hypersensitivity to specific antigen and hetrologous PPD antigen in patients infected with Schistosoma mansoni and/or Schistosoma haematobium.

181 cases with schistosomiasis were skin tested with S. mansoni antigen and tuberculin (PPD) after complete clinical and parasitological examination. Their results were compared to a control group of 89 non bilharzial cases.

Prevalence of HBs-Ag in schistosomiasis: B-frequency in various stages of schistosomiasis.

The study included 916 schistosomal patients and 97 controls. The prevalence of HBs-Ag and anti-HBs was significantly higher in the bilharzial patients compared to controls. Their frequency was higher in the ascitic than the hepatosplenic group, and the difference between each and the simple group was highly significant.

Prevalence of HBs-Ag in schistosomiasis. (A) general aspects.

Nine hundred and sixteen schistosomal patient together with 97 non-schistosomal controls were examined for the presence of HBs-Ag and anti-HBs in their sera by counter-immunoelectrophoresis (CIEP). The results are reported and statistically analysed. HBs-Ag, anti-HBs and the exposure rate were found significantly higher in schistosomal patients than in controls.

Preliminary investigation of bilharzial patients for the presence of Australia antigen using latex agglutination test.

THE AUSTRALIA antigen was studied by the use of a reversed passive latex agglutination test in the sera of 250 cases, mostly bilharzial. The results were analysed in relation to age, clinical presentation, bilharzial infestation, antibilharzial treatment, jaundice and serum bilirubin. It was found that, the test was significantly more positive in hepatosplenic cases, in those with past history of bilharziasis, in those with jaundice and in those with higher serum bilirubin level.

Preliminary studies on the anti-schistosomal effect of Ammi majus L.

AMMI MAJUS L., a plant belonging to the family Umbellifereae was found to possess a certain antischistosomal effect in mice infected with S. mansoni.

A preliminary report on materno-foetal immunological changes in schistosomiasis. II. Circulating antigens and antibodies.

Twenty five pregnant simple bilharzial patients together with 8 non-bilharzial pregnant women and 14 bilharzial non-pregnant females were included in this study. Circulating bilharzial antigens were tested in all groups by the IHA technique. Both IHA and COP were used for detection of bilharzial antibodies in the same groups.

A preliminary report on the materno-foetal immunological changes in schistosomiasis. I. Immunoglobulin changes.

Twenty five simple bilharzial pregnant females together with eight control non-bilharzial gravid women were included in this study. Quantitation of immunoglobulins G and M was performed on both maternal and cord blood sera. The transmission of IgG through the placenta was suggested by the trend for positive correlation between foetal and maternal IgG levels.

The effect of the antibilharzial compound (Bilharcid) on Schistosoma mansoni in vitro and in vivo.

The effect of Piperazine diantimonyl tartrate (Bilharcid) as compared with that of tartar emetic on Schistosoma mansoni has been studied. In vitro experiments on living worms in tyrode/serum cultures have proved that Bilharcid 5-10 gamma/ml has the same antibilharzial activity as tartar emetic in 5-10 gamma/ml. In vivo experiments on Schistosoma mansoni infected mice have proved also that Bilharcid has more or less the same effect as that of tartar emetic.

Serological diagnosis of schistosomiasis. 1 Demonstration and significance of bilharzial antigenaemia.

Circulating bilharzial antigens were demonstrated in 39% out of 87 bilharzial patients via the IHA and CF techniques using hyperimmune rabbit anti - S.mansoni worm serum. Correlation between the percentage of positive cases and the age, duration of infection, clinical presentation, type of bilharzial infection, chemotherapeutic effect and the intradermal test (I.

Preliminary report on some clinical and biochemical observations in patients treated with Bilharcid.

Tartar emetic (potassium antimony tartrate) has been used since a long time as the drug of choice for the treatment of Bilharziasis in Egypt. This drug, though effective, has severe side effects. A newly synthesized trivalent antimony preparation (piperazine di-antimonyl tratrate) Bilharcid, has proved in animal experiments to be less toxic, more effective, and having little side effects.