Gene pool preservation across time and space In Mongolian-speaking Oirats.

The Oirats are a group of Mongolian-speaking peoples residing in Russia, China, and Mongolia, who speak Oirat dialects of the Mongolian language. Migrations of nomadic ethnopolitical formations of the Oirats across the Eurasian Steppe during the Late Middle Ages/early Modern times resulted in a wide geographic spread of Oirat ethnic groups from present-day northwestern China in East Asia to the Lower Volga region in Eastern Europe. In this study, we generate new genome-wide and mitochondrial DNA data for present-day Oirat-speaking populations from Kalmykia in Eastern Europe, Western Mongolia, and the Xinjiang region of China, as well as Issyk-Kul Sart-Kalmaks from Central Asia, and historically related ethnic groups from Altai, Tuva, and Northern Mongolia to study the genetic structure and history of the Oirats.

Epidemiology of Hereditary Diseases in the Karachay-Cherkess Republic.

Prevalence and allelic heterogeneity of hereditary diseases (HDs) could vary significantly in different human populations. Current knowledge of HDs distribution in populations is generally limited to either European data or analyses of isolated populations which were performed several decades ago. Thus, an acknowledgement of the HDs prevalence in different modern open populations is important.

Study of the genetic load and diversity of hereditary diseases in the Russian population of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic.

The genetic load and diversity of monogenic hereditary diseases (HD) in the Russian population of Karachay-Cherkess Republic (KCHR), living in 10 administrative and municipal divisions, were studied. The total size of the population surveyed was 410,367 people, including 134,756 Russians. In total, 385 patients from 281 families were registered among Russians of KCHR.

[Marriage and Migratory Characteristic of Circassians (Late 20th Century)].

This paper analyzes 2052 marriage records for 1990-2000 in the Khabezsky district of Karachay-Cherkessia. The main marriage and migration characteristics of Circassians are studied: index of endogamy, ethnic mar- riage assortativity, intensity of metisation, and Malecot's parameters of isolation by distance.

[Marriage and Migratory Characteristics of the Urban Population of Karachay-Cherkessia (the End of the 20th Century)].

As part of systematic research carried out by the Laboratory of Genetic Epidemiology of the Research Center for Medical Genetics, the marriage and migratory structure of the urban population of Karachay-Cherkessia was studied. Numerical estimates of the population-genetic parameters were obtained from 11346 marriage records for 1990-2000. The endogamy, ethnic assortativeness, miscegenation and local inbreeding intensities, and mean-square migration for the four cities--Cherkessk, Karachayevsk, Ust-Dzheguta, and Teberda were estimated.

[Population and Genetic Characteristics of Abazins in Karachay-Cherkessia (Marital Migrations and Surname Frequency Distribution)].

Within the framework of a complex medical population genetic study of the population of Karachay-Cherkessia, the standard population genetic characteristics for Abazins were calculated and analyzed: the endogamy index (no more than 0.60), Barrai's parameters (l(r) = 0.0070, v = 0.

[Ethnic Marriage Assortativeness and Intensity of Metisation of Karachays].

On the basis of 11,280 marriage records of four regions of Karachay-Cherkessia (Karachaevsky, Malokarachaevsky, Ust-Dzhegutinsky, Prikubansky, 193.2 thousand people in total) for 1990-2000, the intensity of Karachay cross-breeding was determined, amounting to 11.7%.

[Acceptability of using Karachay surnames as a quasigenetic marker in population and genetic studies].

Based on a comparison of the data on the frequencies of 1206 surnames registered in the Malokarachayevsky District of Karachay-Cherkessia with a number of other parameters and historical data, it was concluded that Karachay surnames are acceptable for use as a quasigenetic marker in a study of a population-genetic description of the area.

[Results of the population and genetic study in the Republic of Tatarstan].

Using data on the distribution of frequent surnames, the Crow index and its components, and nine polymorphic DNA loci, it was shown that the Tatar population of the Republic of Tatarstan is divided into subethnic groups (Mishars, Teptyars, and Kazan Tatars). No subdivision within each of these groups was found.

[The load and diversity of hereditary diseases in four raions of Rostov oblast].

The results of a medical genetic survey of the population of four raions (176 535 individuals) of Rostov oblast (Dubovsky, Zimovnikovsky, Myasnikovsky, and Krasnosulinsky raions) are presented. The load of autosomal dominant (AD), autosomal recessive (AR), and X-linked hereditary diseases for urban and rural population was calculated, and the diversity of monogenic hereditary diseases (MHD) was reviewed. The nosological spectrum of MHD constituted 117 diseases (63 diseases with AD inheritance; 38 with AR inheritance; and 16 with X-linked inheritance).

[Genetic epidemiological study of monogenic hereditary diseases in the Republic of Tatarstan: population dynamic factors determining the differentiation of the load of hereditary diseases in five districts].

A genetic epidemiological study has been performed in five districts of the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia: Arsky, Atninsky, Kukmorsky, Buinsky and Drozhzhanovsky raions. The total size of the population surveyed is 188 397 people. Tatars accounted for 77.

[Crow's index and reproductive characteristic of the Republic of Tatarstan population].

On the basis of 1212 questionnaires filled up by women of postreproductive age living in five districts of the Republic of Tatarstan (Arsky, Atninsky, Kukmorsky, Buinsky, and Drozhzhanovsky), the basic reproductive characteristics and Crow's index and its components have been calculated. The rural population is characterized by expanded reproduction with a mean sibship size of 2.68; in district administrative centers, there is only simple reproduction.

[Time-dependent changes in reproductive parameters of Kazakhstan Uighurs].

Time-dependent changes in reproductive parameters were analyzed using data on 203 female Uighurs. A decrease was observed for the total fertility (3.77 vs.

[Population genetics of hereditary diseases in the child population of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Chuvashia, and Udmurtia].

The results of integrated study of the genetic structure and prevalence of monogenic hereditary diseases (MHDs) in the child population of three republics of Russia are summarized. Eight raions (districts) of the Republic of Bashkortostan and six districts of each Republic of Chuvashia and Republic of Udmurtia has been surveyed. The total population surveyed was 782184 people, with children accounting for 24.

[Inbreeding and endogamy in Tatarstan].

The random inbreeding (F(ST)) and local inbreeding (a) values have been calculated for populations of the district and rural municipality ranks of 16 and 13 raions (administrative districts) of Tatarstan, Russia, respectively. The correlations between all inbreeding values are positive and vary from 0.38 to 0.

[Hereditary deafness in Kirov oblast: a genetic epidemiological study].

The results of a genetic epidemiological study of hereditary deafness (HD) in ten raions (districts) of Kirov oblast (administrative region), Russia, are presented. A total of 122 075 people have been examined. Segregation analysis of all families with diagnosed HD has demonstrated a good fit to either the autosomal dominant (AD) or autosomal recessive (AR) mode of inheritance.

[Endogamy and isolation by distance in the Tatarstan population].

A total sample of 31 837 marriage records made in 13 raions (districts) of Tatarstan in 1990-2000 have been used to determine the endogamy index and parameters of Malecot's isolation by distance model. The endogamy index varied from 0.45 in Pestrechinsky raion to 0.

[Ethnically assortative marriage in the rural population of Tatarstan].

Ethnically assortative marriage rates have been calculated for Tatars (1.16) and Russians (8.37) on the basis of 14729 marriage records made in 1990-2000 in seven raions of Tatarstan (Arsky, Atninsky, Drozhzhanovsky, Alkeevsky, Musljumovsky, Aktanyshsky, and Baltasinsky).

[Barrai's parameters for the Kirov oblast population and their geographic distribution].

The distribution of surnames in for populations of the district rank in Kirov oblast has been used to calculate Barrai's parameters, which are the following: Ir, 0.0008-0.0208; H, 6.

[Analysis of changes in the population genetic parameters of Afanas'evo raion of Kirov oblast with time].

The results of two studies on the population genetic structure of Afanas'evo raion of Kirov oblast are compared. The changes that have occurred during two decades are insignificant.

[Surname distribution and random inbreeding in Kirov oblast].

Data on surname distribution in 24 rations of Kirov oblast with a total adult population of more than 785000 people were used to calculate the random inbreeding values for populations of the district and rural municipality levels and analyze the geographic distributions of these values. The data have been compared with the results of studies carried out in the 1980s.

[Genetic position of Chuvashes in the system of Finno-Ugric and Turkic speaking peoples].

Serological and biochemical polymorphisms in marker genes of the AB0, MN, RH, FY, HP, TF, ACP1, PGM1, ESD, and GLO1 systems were studied in the combined sample of 369 individuals of Chuvash ethnicity from Morgaushskii, Mariinsko-Posadskii and Yadrinskii districts of the Chuvash Republic. We have compared our results with the data obtained in previous studies by other authors. A linear relationship has been established between genetic and geographical distances by examining 11 ethnoterritorial groups in Northeastern Europe and Western Siberia.

[Genetic epidemiological study of Bashkortostan Republic: the effect of genetic structure of population on the load of monogenic hereditary diseases].

Here we present the data obtained during medical genetic examination of the population of five districts of Bashkortostan Republic (Burzyanskii, Baimakskii, Abzelilovskii, Salavatskii, and Arkhangelskii) populated with 168050 persons including 135748 Bashkirs. The study involved all the population of the districts including each ethnic group and was conducted according to standard protocol developed in the Laboratory of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical Genetic Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. Based on segregation analysis, the values of prevalence rates of the major types of Mendelian pathology (AD, AR, and X- linked diseases) was calculated in five regions of the Republic as well as for Bashkirs alone.

[Epidemiology of monogenic hereditary diseases in Rostov oblast: population dynamic factors determining the differentiation of the load of hereditary diseases in eight districts].

Analysis of the diversity of monogenic hereditary diseases in eight raions (districts) of Rostov oblast (region) of Russia (Tsimlyansk, Volgodonskoi, Tselina, Egorlykskaya, Millerovo, Tarasovskaya, Rodionovo-Nesvetaiskaya, and Matveevo-Kurgan raions) has been summarized. The total sample size was 320925 subjects. The spectrum of hereditary diseases detected in the eight districts comprises 187 diseases, including 99 autosomal dominant (AD), 72 autosomal recessive (AR), and 16 X-linked diseases.

[Marriage migration parameters in six rural districts of Bashkortostan Republic].

The marriage migration structure of the populations of six districts of Bashkortostan Republic has been studied. The rates of assortative marriages in Bashkirs, Tatars, and Russians are 1.02-2.