Protective Effects of Spondias mombin L. Juice Alone or in Combination With Lactobacillus acidophilus in 5-Fluorouracil-Induced Experimental Intestinal Mucositis.

Background: Evaluate the impact of Spondias mombin L. juice (SM), alone and in combination with Lactobacillus acidophilus, in an experimental model of intestinal mucositis.

Methods: Swiss mice were orally administered with saline, SM, or SM combined with L.

Compensatory mechanisms amidst demyelinating disorders: insights into cognitive preservation.

Demyelination disrupts the transmission of electrical signals in the brain and affects neurodevelopment in children with disorders such as multiple sclerosis and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-associated disorders. Although cognitive impairments are prevalent in these conditions, some children maintain cognitive function despite substantial structural injury. These findings raise an important question: in addition to the degenerative process, do compensatory neural mechanisms exist to mitigate the effects of myelin loss? We propose that a multi-dimensional approach integrating multiple neuroimaging modalities, including diffusion tensor imaging, magnetoencephalography and eye-tracking, is key to investigating this question.

Network connectivity underlying information processing speed in children: Application of a pediatric brain tumor survivor injury model.

Elucidating how adaptive and maladaptive changes to the structural connectivity of brain networks influences neural synchrony, and how this structure-function coupling impacts cognition is an important question in human neuroscience. This study assesses these links in the default mode and executive control networks during resting state, a visual-motor task, and through computational modeling in the developing brain and in acquired brain injuries. Pediatric brain tumor survivors were used as an injury model as they are known to exhibit cognitive deficits, structural connectivity compromise, and perturbations in neural communication.

A web-based resource for exercise training in children treated for brain tumours to improve cognitive sequelae: Development and usability.

Unlabelled: Improving cognitive sequelae in children treated for brain tumours (CTBT) requires accessible interventions. While instructor-led exercise in a hospital setting is efficacious, it is not extended to communities.

Objectives: We aimed to (i) develop a website with educational resources/tools for community health and fitness professionals (HFP) to deliver exercise for CTBT in community settings to improve cognition and (ii) assess its usability by community HFP.

Endothelium-related biomarkers and cognitive decline in prevalent hemodialysis patients: A prospective cohort study.

Introduction: Cognitive decline is prevalent in maintenance hemodialysis patients. The blood-brain barrier has been implicated in cognitive decline. In this prospective cohort study, we investigated the associations between endothelium-related biomarkers and steeper cognitive decline in this population.

Combined oral contraceptive use and obesity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogenous endocrine condition and combined oral contraceptives (COCs) have been demonstrated to be the first-line treatment to women who do not intend to become pregnant. The combination of COCs and PCOS may or may not amplify the risks of cardiovascular events.

Objective: To investigate whether surrogates for obesity may be influenced by the use of COCs containing different formulations in women with PCOS.

Study of defensive behavior of a venomous snake as a new approach to understand snakebite.

Snakebites affect millions of people worldwide. The majority of research and management about snakebites focus on venom and antivenom, with less attention given to snake ecology. The fundamental factor in snakebites is the snakes' defensive biting behavior.

Optimizing an exercise training program in pediatric brain tumour survivors: Does timing postradiotherapy matter?

Background: While exercise training (ET) programs show positive outcomes in cognition, motor function, and physical fitness in pediatric brain tumor (PBT) survivors, little is known about the optimal timing of intervention. The aim of this work was to explore the feasibility and benefits of ET based on its timing after radiotherapy.

Methods: This retrospective analysis (ClinicalTrials.

Immobilization of Papain in Chitosan Membranes as a Potential Alternative for Skin Wounds.

Papain (an enzyme from the latex of ) is an interesting natural bioactive macromolecule used as therapeutic alternative for wound healing due to debridement action in devitalized or necrotic tissues. However, its use in high doses can induce potential skin irritation and side effects. In this study, experiments explored the ability of chitosan membrane to immobilize papain, consequently improving enzymatic activity and controlling enzyme release.

Validation of an educational comic book to guide conducts in situations of dental trauma.

Background/aim: Childhood dental trauma poses a prevalent concern, and the limited knowledge of lay caregivers toward the needed immediate actions can adversely affect a child's well-being. This study aimed to create and validate an educational comic book for lay individuals, designed to guide immediate actions in dental trauma cases, and assess its effects toward enhancing reader knowledge.

Methodology: The four-stage study involved: (1) Literature review and script development; (2) Version 1 of the comic book creation (including illustrations, layout, and design) and Flesch Readability Index (FI) calculation; (3) Version 1 validation by expert judges, assessed by the Content Validity Index (CVI); (4) Version 1 refinement based on the judges' feedback, recalculation of FI, and a pilot test (CVI) involving lay individuals who validated the final material (Version 2).

Network connectivity underlying episodic memory in children: Application of a pediatric brain tumor survivor injury model.

Episodic memory involves personal experiences paired with their context. The Medial Temporal, Posterior Medial, Anterior Temporal, and Medial Prefrontal networks have been found to support the hippocampus in episodic memory in adults. However, there lacks a model that captures how the structural and functional connections of these networks interact to support episodic memory processing in children.

"I Am Afraid of Positioning my Baby in Prone": Beliefs and Knowledge about Tummy Time Practice.

Objective: To identify beliefs and knowledge about tummy time (TT) practice and its repercussions on motor development.

Methods: Longitudinal study carried out with parents/caregivers of infants older than 30 days of life. Two assessments were performed.

Risk analysis of the spread of the quarantine pest mite Schizotetranychus hindustanicus in Brazil.

Schizotetranychus hindustanicus Hirst (Acari: Tetranychidae) known as the Hindustan citrus mite, is a quarantine pest present in Roraima, Brazil. In 1924 this pest was described in India. It was reported in 2002 in Venezuela and in Roraima in 2008.

The beneficial effects of on the small intestine and colon of Swiss mice against the deleterious effects of 5-fluorouracil.

Background: Intestinal mucositis is one of the most common and important side effects of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Currently, there are still no specific and effective protocols for its prevention and treatment. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of oral administration of Lacticaseibacillus casei () on the progression of 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis.

Neural and cognitive function in a pediatric brain injury model: The impact of task complexity.

Acquired brain injury (ABI) in childhood/adolescence results in dysfunctional neural and attentional resources during minimal and higher task load. Impact of injury on these resources during increasing load, when task design (e.g.

Effectiveness of the Therapy Program for Management of Chronic Cough: Preliminary Data From a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of the Therapy Program for Management of Chronic Cough (TMCC) in laryngeal sensations and symptoms related to the cough in individuals with chronic refractory cough (CRC).

Method: This research is a randomized double-blind clinical trial (Register Number: RBR-4m6x29). Eleven participants were allocated to two groups by parallel randomization: The Experimental Group-consisting of six individuals who underwent the TMCC; and the Control Group-consisting of five individuals who underwent the Comprehensive Vocal Rehabilitation Program (CVRP).

Patterns of white and gray structural abnormality associated with paediatric demyelinating disorders.

The impact of multiple sclerosis (MS) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) - associated disorders (MOGAD) on brain structure in youth remains poorly understood. Reductions in cortical mantle thickness on structural MRI and abnormal diffusion-based white matter metrics (e.g.

Losartan improves intestinal mucositis induced by 5-fluorouracil in mice.

Intestinal mucositis (IM) is a common side effect of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy, which negatively impacts therapeutic outcomes and delays subsequent cycles of chemotherapy resulting in dose reductions and treatment discontinuation. In search of new pharmacological alternatives that minimize your symptoms, this work set out to study the effect of losartan (LOS), a receptor type I (AT1) angiotensin II antagonist, on intestinal mucositis induced by 5-FU. Intestinal mucositis was induced by a single intraperitoneal administration of 5-FU (450 mg/kg) in Swiss mice.

availability of metformin hydrochloride-PLGA nanoparticles in diabetic rats in a periodontal disease experimental model.

Context: Metformin is an important oral anti-hyperglycemic used in diabetes. Polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) has been widely used due to its reliability in controlling the release of drugs.

Objective: This study evaluates the availability of metformin hydrochloride-loaded polylactic-co-glycolic acid.

Differential Diagnosis Between Venomous (Bothrops jararaca, Serpentes, Viperidae) and "Nonvenomous" (Philodryas olfersii, Serpentes, Dipsadidae) Snakebites: Is It Always Possible?

Bites of "nonvenomous" snakes can sometimes be mistaken for the bites of venomous snakes. As an example of this confusion, this report describes confirmed bites by Philodryas olfersii and Bothrops jararaca. In the first case, a 55-y-old man with a history of controlled hypertension was bitten on his right forearm by P olfersii.

Effect of Dexamethasone-Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles on Oral Mucositis Induced by 5-Fluorouracil.

Oral mucositis (OM) is characterized by the presence of severe ulcers in the oral region that affects patients treated with chemotherapy. It occurs in almost all patients who receive radiotherapy of the head and neck, as well as patients who undergo hematopoietic cell transplantation. The pathophysiology of OM is complex, and there is no effective therapy.

Evaluating the Antifungal Activity of α-Bisabolol in Association with NaCl on Fusarium oxysporum in Maize Grains.

Fusarium infections result in reduced maize grain (Zea mays L.) yields and notable impacts on human and animal health. Research involving natural products to control fungi in food is a promising alternative.

The Sensitivity Modifying Activity of Nerolidol and α-Bisabolol Against spp.

spp. is one of the main causative agents of dermatophytosis such as and . Resistance to antifungal drugs is a significant clinical problem in dermatophytosis.

Assessment of cognitive and neural recovery in survivors of pediatric brain tumors in a pilot clinical trial using metformin.

We asked whether pharmacological stimulation of endogenous neural precursor cells (NPCs) may promote cognitive recovery and brain repair, focusing on the drug metformin, in parallel rodent and human studies of radiation injury. In the rodent cranial radiation model, we found that metformin enhanced the recovery of NPCs in the dentate gyrus, with sex-dependent effects on neurogenesis and cognition. A pilot double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial was conducted (ClinicalTrials.