Multiple independent introductions of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5 viruses during the 2020-2021 epizootic in France.

During winter 2020-2021, France and other European countries were severely affected by highly pathogenic avian influenza H5 viruses of the Gs/GD/96 lineage, clade 2.3.4.

mCRPC Patients Receiving Ac-PSMA-617 Therapy in the Post-Androgen Deprivation Therapy Setting: Response to Treatment and Survival Analysis.

Ac-PSMA-617, targeting the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), which is overexpressed on prostate cancer cells, has shown a remarkable therapeutic efficacy in heavily pretreated patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate carcinoma (mCRPC). Here, we report on treatment outcome and survival using this novel treatment modality in a series of 53 patients with mCRPC directly after their androgen deprivation treatment (ADT). Ac-PSMA-617 was administered to 53 such patients.

Nutrient load acts as a driver of gut microbiota load, community composition and metabolic functionality in the simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem.

A recently introduced quantitative framework for gut microbiota analysis indicated that microbial load alterations can be linked to various diseases, making it essential to pinpoint its determinants. We identified nutrient load as a main driver of the quantitative microbial community composition and functionality in vitro by stepwise decreasing standardized feed concentrations from 100% to 33%, 20% and 10% in 5-day intervals. While the proportional composition and metabolic profile were mainly determined by the inter-individual variability (35% and 41%), nutrient load accounted for 58%, 23% and 65% of the observed variation in the microbial load, quantitative composition and net daily metabolite production, respectively.

Experimental models to study intestinal microbes-mucus interactions in health and disease.

A close symbiotic relationship exists between the intestinal microbiota and its host. A critical component of gut homeostasis is the presence of a mucus layer covering the gastrointestinal tract. Mucus is a viscoelastic gel at the interface between the luminal content and the host tissue that provides a habitat to the gut microbiota and protects the intestinal epithelium.

Impact of Cross-Contamination Concentrations of Doxycycline Hyclate on the Microbial Ecosystem in an Ex Vivo Model of the Pig's Cecum.

Aims: Cross-contamination of feed with antibiotics causes pigs to become unintentionally exposed to low concentrations of antibiotics. This study investigates the effect of residues of doxycycline hyclate (DOX) in an ex vivo model of the intestinal tract of pigs, focusing on the microbial community, microbial activity, and the enrichment of resistant bacteria and resistance genes.

Results: The effect of three concentrations DOX were tested; 1 and 4 mg/L correspond to the intestinal concentrations when pigs are fed a compound feed containing 3% of a therapeutic dose, and a reference concentration of 16 mg/L.

Screening of quorum sensing peptides for biological effects in neuronal cells.

Quorum sensing peptides (QSP) are an important class of bacterial peptides which can have an effect on human host cells. These peptides are used by bacteria to communicate with each other. Some QSP are able to cross the blood-brain barrier and reach the brain parenchyma.

The role of F-18 FDG PET/CT in evaluating the impact of HIV infection on tumor burden and therapy outcome in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma.

Background: To evaluate the impact of HIV infection on tumor burden and therapy outcome following treatment with chemotherapy in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma.

Methods: A total of 136 patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma were studied (mean age ± SD = 32.31 ± 1.

Exploring the methanogen and bacterial communities of rumen environments: solid adherent, fluid and epimural.

The rumen microbiome occupies a central role in animal health and productivity. A better understanding of the rumen ecosystem is essential to increase productivity or decrease methane production. Samples were collected from the three main rumen environments: the solid-adherent fraction, the liquid fraction and the epithelium.

Foodborne enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli: from gut pathogenesis to new preventive strategies involving probiotics.

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) are a major cause of traveler's diarrhea and infant mortality in developing countries. Given the rise of antibiotic resistance worldwide, there is an urgent need for the development of new preventive strategies. Among them, a promising approach is the use of probiotics.

Gallium-68: a systematic review of its nononcological applications.

The increased availability of PET facilities worldwide has sparked renewed interest in the use of generator-produced tracers such as gallium-68 (Ga). Imaging with Ga provides exciting opportunities in terms of new ligand-labelling possibilities and the exploration of novel clinical applications. The aim of the study was to summarize and appraise what has been published on the clinical applications of Ga outside oncology practice.

Helicobacter pylori in Iran: A systematic review on the association of genotypes and gastroduodenal diseases.

Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is known as a major etiologic factor for a variety of gastroduodenal diseases. In Iran, with a high rate of H.

HPLC-ICP-MS method development to monitor arsenic speciation changes by human gut microbiota.

Inorganic arsenic (iAs) has been classified as a type 1 carcinogen and has also been linked to several noncancerous health effects. Prior to 1995, the As(V) methylation pathway was generally considered to be a detoxification pathway, but cellular and animal studies involving MMA(III) (mono metyl arsonous acid) and DMA(III) (dimethyl arsinous acid) have indicated that their toxicities meet or exceed that of iAs, suggesting an activation process. In addition, thiolated arsenic metabolites were observed in urine after oral exposure of inorganic arsenic in some studies, for which the toxicological profile was not yet fully characterized in human cells.

Prebiotic effects of chicory inulin in the simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem.

The prebiotic potential of native chicory inulin was assessed in the Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME) by monitoring microbial community from the colon compartments, its metabolic activity and community structure. Inulin addition selected for a higher short chain fatty acid production with shifts towards propionic and butyric acid. Conventional culture-based techniques and PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis showed no remarkable changes in the overall microbial community from the colon compartments of the SHIME, whereas selective effects were seen for lactic acid bacteria.

Full-scale evaluation of a multi-component additive for efficient control of activated sludge filamentous bulking.

A multi-component additive formulated for a more efficient control of activated sludge filamentous bulking was evaluated at a full-scale treatment plant experiencing severe filamentous bulking. It was found that, besides offering an immediate improvement of sludge settling, the multi-component additive was able to eliminate the filamentous bacteria causing the bulking. Hence, contrary to ordinary additives, this novel additive yielded immediate as well as long-term improvements in sludge sedimentation upon a few additions.