The expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and the beta 1-integrins in asthma.

Expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) appears to be important to the development of bronchial hyperresponsiveness and eosinophilia in Ascaris sensitized monkeys. Beta 1-integrins are expressed on epithelial cells, and may contribute to adherence of epithelial cells to the basement membrane. The aim of this study was to determine whether adhesion receptor expression was altered in human asthmatic bronchial epithelium.

Detection of Epstein-Barr virus in Reed-Sternberg cells of Hodgkin's disease arising in children.

Nonisotopic in situ hybridization has been used to investigate the role of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in the aetiology of pediatric Hodgkin's disease. Sections from 24 cases arising in children under the age of 15 years were hybridised with digoxigenin-labelled probes for both EBV and cytomegalovirus, and reactive sites were identified by a sensitive three-layer immunoperoxidase technique. EBV was identified in Reed-Sternberg and mononuclear Hodgkin's cells in five samples (21%).

Co-ordinate expression of the alpha-6 integrin laminin receptor sub-unit and laminin in breast cancer.

Interactions between cells and extracellular matrices are mediated in part by a family of heterodimeric molecules known as integrins. We have investigated, using immunohistology, the distribution of six integrin alpha sub-units in normal breast tissue and 26 breast carcinomas. Alpha-1 integrin (collagen/laminin receptor sub-unit) was detected in myoepithelium, but not in luminal epithelium nor in most (20/26) carcinomas.

Persistence of Epstein-Barr virus in Reed-Sternberg cells throughout the course of Hodgkin's disease.

Non-isotopic in situ hybridization employing digoxigenin-labelled DNA probes has been used to localize Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in 55 cases of Hodgkin's disease (HD). The virus was found in Reed-Sternberg (RS) and mononuclear Hodgkin's cells in nine patients (16 per cent). Further samples taken at different times from three patients also showed the presence of EBV in the malignant cell population.

Detection of single copies of Epstein-Barr virus in paraffin wax sections by non-radioactive in situ hybridisation.

A highly sensitive non-isotopic in situ hybridisation technique was developed for the localisation of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in paraffin wax embedded tissue sections. The method uses a repeated sequence of the EBV genome as a probe, labelled with the novel reporter molecule, digoxigenin. The method can identify individual copies of EBV by detection of both EBV DNA and highly localised RNA transcripts.

Simplified procedures for applying the polymerase chain reaction to routinely fixed paraffin wax sections.

The polymerase chain reaction was applied to the analysis of DNA contained in archival paraffin wax embedded material. DNA suitable for the reaction was obtained from these tissues by simple extraction methods, without previous dewaxing of tissue sections. When compared with unfixed material, the reaction efficiency was compromised, so that an increased number of amplification cycles were required to produce equivalent amounts of amplified product.

Spherical connective tissue inclusions in epithelial hyperplasia of the breast ("collagenous spherulosis").

Partial myoepithelial differentiation is common in simple epithelial hyperplasia (epitheliosis) of the breast but functional myoepithelial differentiation with basement membrane production is exceedingly rare. A peculiar change of hyaline globules within benign epithelial hyperplasia has been recognised before as "collagenous spherulosis" and type IV collagen has been shown by immunohistochemistry. Another seven cases are described which show the presence of laminin and collagens IV and III within the proliferation.

Radiotherapy for stage I Hodgkin's disease: 20 years experience at St Bartholomew's Hospital.

One hundred and one consecutive patients with newly diagnosed stage I Hodgkin's disease (HD) received treatment at St Bartholomew's Hospital, between 1968 and 1987, with a median follow-up of 12 years. Eleven patients have been excluded from detailed analysis because they either received involved field radiotherapy (RT) or radiotherapy with chemotherapy or were lost to follow-up. Actuarial analysis predicts 78% to be alive and without relapse of Hodgkin's disease at 15 years.

Hairy cell leukemia--mediastinal involvement. A report of two cases and review of the literature.

The clinical features of two patients with hairy cell leukemia involving the mediastinum are described. Both patients presented with acute chest pain 2-3 months prior to diagnosis being made. In one patient mediastinal disease was recorded only by computerized tomography of the thorax.

Paucity of fibronectin in invasive lobular carcinoma of breast.

Fifty-four cases of invasive carcinoma of breast were immunostained for fibronectin and laminin. They included 36 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma and 18 cases of invasive lobular carcinoma. Although there was some heterogeneity within tumours, it was found that whilst the majority of ductal carcinomas (31/36) had abundant fibronectin at cell/stroma boundaries or diffusely throughout stroma, a substantial proportion of lobular carcinomas (12/18) had very little (P less than 0.

Paraffin section immunohistochemistry. I. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Reagents that recognize antigens on lymphoid cells in fixed and wax-embedded sections have been applied to a series of cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. The panel consisted of MB1, 4KB5 (CD45r), LN1, L26 and MB2 which recognize antigens expressed predominantly on B-lymphocytes; UCHL1 and MT1 which recognize antigens expressed on T-lymphocytes and myeloid cells; antibodies recognizing the non-lineage antigens LeuM1 (CD15), BerH2 (CD30), anti-EMA; anti-lysozyme and MAC 387 which detect antigens present on some macrophages; and finally TAL1B5 (class II MHC), CAM 5.2 (low molecular weight cytokeratin) and PD7/26 + 2B11(CD45).

Paraffin section immunohistochemistry. II. Hodgkin's disease and large cell anaplastic (Ki1) lymphoma.

A panel of antibodies that recognize antigens that survive fixation and conventional processing have been applied to 43 cases of Hodgkin's disease and five cases of large cell anaplastic lymphoma. Reed-Sternberg cells in all five cases of nodular lymphocyte predominance Hodgkin's disease were positive with leucocyte common (CD45) and B-cell antibodies, and negative with LeuM1 (CD15) and BerH2 (CD30) antibodies. In other types of Hodgkin's disease, Reed-Sternberg cells were positive with BerH2 in all cases, positive with LeuM1 in 63% of cases (with enzymic predigestion), positive with at least one B-cell antibody in 29% of cases and positive for CD45 in 8% of cases.

P component in the synovium in rheumatoid and osteoarthritis.

P component is present in amyloid deposits, normal serum, and normal tissues in relation to elastic fibres. Its pathological role in inflammatory synovitis was investigated. Its distribution was determined immunohistologically in 33 synovia: 15 rheumatoid; seven osteoarthritic; seven traumatic controls; and four infected biopsy specimens.

Ultrastructural localization of antigens recognized by the monoclonal antibodies MB1, MB2, MT1, UCHL1, and TAL 1B5.

In this study the ultrastructural localization of antigens recognized by novel antibodies that allow the recognition of lymphoid antigens in conventionally fixed and wax-embedded sections was investigated. MT1, MB1, and UCHL1 recognize antibodies restricted to the cell membrane, whereas the antigen recognized by MB2 is present only in the cytoplasm. These distributions are different from that of immunoreactivity with TAL 1B5 (anti-HLA DR), which is present both on the cell membrane and in the cytoplasm.

A monoclonal antibody (anti-L-35) which reacts with human osteoclasts and cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system.

The immunohistochemical reactivity of a monoclonal antibody, anti-L-35, on a wide range of tissues is described. Anti-L-35 showed a high specificity for known and presumptive cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system including monocytes, sinus histiocytes, tangible body macrophages, interdigitating reticulum cells, Kupffer cells, alveolar macrophages, microglia, synoviocytes and Langerhans cells. Anti-L-35 also stained osteoclasts in fetal and adult bone including osteoclast-like giant cells of the giant-cell tumour of bone.

The prognostic value of Ki67 immunostaining in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

The monoclonal antibody Ki67 recognizes an antigen expressed in all phases of the cell cycle except Go. It has been used in 141 biopsies from 138 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma to identify proliferating cells in histological sections. A Ki67 index (the number of Ki67 positive tumour cells divided by the sum of Ki67 positive and negative tumour cells) has been derived by counting 1000 cells in each case.

In situ demonstration of renal tubular regeneration using the monoclonal antibody Ki67.

The murine monoclonal antibody Ki67 recognizes a nuclear antigen present in all phases of the cell cycle except Go and can be used with a simple indirect immunohistochemical technique to demonstrate cell proliferation in tissue sections. This antibody was applied to 37 unselected renal biopsies showing a wide variety of histological appearances. Ki67-positive nuclei were seen most frequently in tubular epithelium in acute tubulo-interstitial pathology, particularly in renal allograft rejection.

Value of CD15 immunostaining in diagnosing Hodgkin's disease: a review of published literature.

The role of antibodies of CD15 as diagnostic markers of Hodgkin's disease was assessed from a review of the literature. A total of 571 cases of Hodgkin's disease and 386 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were included. The sensitivity of CD15 in detecting cases of Hodgkin's disease was 80% or 91% if cases of lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin's disease were excluded.

Lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma: an immunohistological study.

Eighteen cases of lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma (LPL) have been immunophenotypically characterized with a panel of 26 monoclonal antibodies. All cases expressed leucocyte common antigen, class II MHC and stained with B cell markers (CD19, CD20, CD22) although a variable proportion of tumour cells were noticed to have lost some B cell marker expression. There was some phenotypic heterogeneity with variable immunostaining with KB61, CD21, and CD5.

Demonstration of lymphoid antigens in decalcified bone marrow trephines.

A panel of antibodies recognising lymphoid and epithelial antigens in formalin fixed, paraffin embedded sections was applied to a series of 54 bone marrow trephines decalcified by formic or edetic acids. Normal trephines and cases infiltrated by myeloid, lymphoid, and epithelial tumours were included. Patterns of reactivity were distinct and allowed the different diseases to be distinguished.

Rapid technique of DNA-DNA in situ hybridisation on formalin fixed tissue sections using microwave irradiation.

The relative sensitivities of different protocols for detecting cytomegalovirus nucleic acid sequences in histological specimens, using a biotinylated cDNA probe, were assessed. Several commonly used pre-treatment steps were not essential, nor was the use of a highly sensitive detection system. The choice of enzyme used for proteolytic digestion of tissue seems to be important, and increasing the temperature of denaturation of tissue and probe DNA to above 100 degrees C greatly increased the sensitivity of the method.