Antioxidant status in relation to heavy metals induced oxidative stress in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS).

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a global health concern for women of reproductive age, as 6.5% of women worldwide are affected by this syndrome. PCOS is marked by hyperandrogenism, anovulation, menstrual abnormalities, and polycystic ovaries.

The impact of obesity on reproduction in women.

Obesity can impact on reproductive functions by causing hormonal imbalance and ovulatory dysfunction. Furthermore, obesity is associated with a range of adverse health consequences. There is a tight coupling between the reproductive system and energy balance.

Cytogenetic study in cases with recurrent abortion in Saudi Arabia.

Background: A proportion of cases with repeated abortion are caused by chromosomal abnormality in one of the parents. Several studies have been done to determine the role of chromosomal abnormalities in couples with repeated fetal loss in various countries. None of these studies was done in the Arab Peninsula.

Effects of assisted hatching method and age on implantation rates of IVF and ICSI.

The objective of this study was to investigate whether a change in assisted hatching (AH) technique from total to partial penetration of the zona pellucida improved the outcome of IVF and intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles where AH was indicated. This was an observational study conducted from the beginning of January 2000 to the end of April 2005. Total AH was performed in 312 cycles, while partial AH was performed in 592 cycles.

Abdomino-pelvic packing to control severe haemorrhage following caesarean hysterectomy.

Surgically uncontrollable peri-operative obstetric haemorrhage associated with coagulopathy, developed in five women who were managed by emergency caesarean hysterectomy. All women had a morbidly adherent anterior placenta praevia and a previous lower segment caesarean section scar. Conventional medical and surgical therapy to control bleeding from pelvic and abdominal raw surfaces were unsuccessful.

Pregnancy trends after abortion.

A series of women who aborted their pregnancies at King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, over a period of 12 months (1 January 1992 to 3 December 1992), were followed up for 6-48 months afterwards to examine their pregnancy trends. Descriptive statistics for data presentation with Kaplan-Meier survivorship function estimates time from abortion to the next pregnancy and Cox proportional hazard regression analysis were used to identify prognostic factors. Eighty-one per cent of the women achieved pregnancy over a 4-year follow-up.

Views of women towards cesarean section.

Women who deliver by cesarean section CS differ significantly from those who deliver vaginally regarding their childbirth experience. Those who deliver by CS are often less satisfied with their experience, and with themselves. They experience a feeling of resentment towards the physician, profound disappointment at the treatment expectation and loss of the happy moment of natural birth leading to postpartum depression.

Pelvic hematoma resulting in obstructive uropathy.

The use of anticoagulants, for whatever indication, may carry a high risk of hematoma formation following surgery. Obstructive uropathy is a very rare but possible example of complication secondary to an extensive pelvic hematoma. We describe a case of a patient with rheumatic heart disease and aortic valve replacement, who developed a massive postoperative pelvic hematoma following bilateral tubal ligation, resulting in bilateral ureteric obstructions.

Disseminated intravascular coagulation and massive obstetric hemorrhage. Management dilemma.

Objective: The objective of this retrospective study is to reflect on our experience on an optimal management for major postpartum hemorrhage, which would prevent the occurrence and complications of disseminated intravascular coagulation and minimize maternal mortality and morbidity.

Methods: Ten cases out of the 30,000 of total deliveries of severe obstetric hemorrhage associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation were studied. This study was carried out over a 7 year period, October 1988 through to September 1995, at the Obstetric Unit, King Khalid University Teaching Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Detection of genital colonization of group B streptococci during late pregnancy.

Objective: To detect group B streptococcal carrier state of Saudi females during 3rd trimester of pregnancy and to assess type of specimens and the techniques used for the organism detection.

Methods: A total of 867 consecutive vaginal and rectal swabs were obtained from 217 pregnant women at > 28 weeks of gestation and their follow up testing from King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Swab-specimens were cultured comparatively on Islam and Edwards blood agar plates, and into selective Lim broth.

Undiagnosed term breech: management and outcome.

Objective: To assess the antenatal and intra-partum risk factors associated with undiagnosed breech at term and to compare their outcome with those diagnosed before the onset of labor, as well as identifying the determinants for cesarean section in breech presentation.

Methods: Case control study of 183 undiagnosed breech deliveries at term with those diagnosed before labor.

Results: There was no significant difference between diagnosed term breech and undiagnosed breech deliveries with regards to maternal, neonatal outcome and incidence of cesarean section.

Scalp and cranial bone metastasis of endometrial carcinoma: a case report and literature review.

Objective: The aim of this study is to report a rare case of scalp and cranial bone metastasis of endometrial carcinoma and review the literature.

Method: We report a 45-year-old multiparous woman with FIGO Stage 1A Grade II endometrial adenocarcinoma who presented 3 years following total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with scalp and cranial bone metastasis. Similar cases in the literature are reviewed.

Socio-demographic characteristics of the "unbooked mother".

In a study to investigate the characteristics of the "Unbooked mother", the medical records of 467 patients who presented for delivery with no prenatal care at the obstetric unit of the King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH), Riyadh, during the period 1991 to 1995 were evaluated. For controls, the records of 415 mothers who had pre-natal care in the Unit over the same period were also evaluated. Data pertaining to their socio-demographic characteristics, previous obstetric history, prevalence of pregnancy-related and familial diseases, gestation age at delivery and weights of the babies, were extracted and analysed using odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (C.

Demographic and fertility variables as determinants of spontaneous abortions in women with previous abortions.

The objective of the study was to examine the demographic and fertility factors that may predispose to spontaneous abortion in women with prior abortion. The study was conducted in King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. It included a series of women who aborted their pregnancies over a period of months (January 1; 1992-December 31, 1992).

Correlation of smoking and coffee drinking with sperm progressive motility in infertile males.

The objective of the study was to assess the effect of some social characteristics on the forward progressive motion of sperms in males of infertile couples. The study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Kahlid University Hospital (KKUH), Riyadh, from September 1, 1994 to February 28, 1995. Semen specimens were obtained from 68 Saudi males of infertile couples, and 29 fertile males.

Hysterectomy - A female Gynecologists perspective.

Full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version.

Blood groups in Saudi obstetrics patients.

Full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version.

Sickle cell and G-6-PD deficiency gene in cord blood samples: experience at King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh.

Cord blood samples (1039) collected at King Khalid University Hospital were analysed for abnormal haemoglobins using electrophoresis at alkaline and acid pH, for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficiency using spectrophotometric method and for G-6-PD phenotypes using electrophoresis and specific staining. Only two samples showed the presence of Hb AS and no case of sickle cell anaemia was identified. The Hb S gene frequency was 0.

An appraisal of the appropriateness of the indications for hysterectomy.

Over a five-year period, 197 hysterectomies were performed at King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH). Indications for the procedures vary from menstrual disorders and symptomatic fibroids to ovarian malignancy. The most common indication was found to be menorrhagia.

Subchorionic hematoma in threatened abortion: Sonographic evaluation and significance.

In a study of 92 women with subchorionic hematoma evaluated with sonographic scan in King Khalid University Hospital, it was found that the mean ages and live births of patients who carried their pregnancies to viability were higher when compared with the patients who aborted. There was a statistically significant association between the gestational age at diagnosis of subchorionic hematoma and the size of the hematoma. There was, however, no statistically significant association found between the gestational age at diagnosis, size and site of the hematoma and the outcome of pregnancy.

Outcome in elective and emergency cesarean sections: A comparative study.

To study the obstetrics outcome of cesarean sections (CS) in relation to the elective or emergency nature of this procedure, a comparative study was conducted on 1426 females whose deliveries were by CS in King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH). Of the various factors analyzed in relation to the two types of CS, statistically significant associations were found between emergency CS and younger patients, low parity, irregular attendance at antenatal clinics, complications in labor, postoperative morbidity and low Apgar score(>6). It was concluded that every effort should be directed to effect-planned CS, as determined during the antenatal period, if possible, so as to reduce the various problems associated with emergency CS.