Population Pharmacokinetics of Topiramate in Patients with Epilepsy Using Nonparametric Modeling.

Background: Topiramate (TPM) is used for the treatment of various epileptic seizures and the prevention of migraine. This study aimed to develop a population pharmacokinetic model and identify covariates that influence TPM behavior in patients with epilepsy in Kuwait.

Methods: Data were collected retrospectively from 108 patients (2 years old and above) with epilepsy who were treated with oral TPM and 174 TPM blood samples from 3 hospitals in Kuwait from 2009 to 2016.

Amikacin population pharmacokinetics in critically ill Kuwaiti patients.

Amikacin pharmacokinetic data in Kuwaiti (Arab) intensive care unit (ICU) patients are lacking. Fairly sparse serum amikacin peak and trough concentrations data were obtained from adult Kuwaiti ICU patients. The data were analysed using a nonparametric adaptive grid (NPAG) maximum likelihood algorithm.

Clinical pharmacokinetics of gentamicin. Estimation of initial dosing parameters in hospitalized patients at Al-Amiri Hospital Kuwait.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to: (1) derive equations for estimating gentamicin clearance (Cl(gent)) and volume of distribution (V(d)) based on the local population attending Al-Amiri Hospital, Kuwait; (2) independently evaluate these equations by comparison with other published methods in their predictive ability to estimate Cl(gent) and V(d).

Materials And Methods: Cl(gent) and V(d) were calculated in 47 patients (group 1) using the Sawchuk-Zaske method. Regression analysis was used to derive a correlation between creatinine clearance (Cl(cr)) and Cl(gent), V(d) and actual body weight (ABW).

Therapeutic drug monitoring of gentamicin: evaluation of five nomograms for initial dosing at Al-Amiri Hospital in Kuwait.

Objective: To compare five published nomograms (Thomson guidelines, Mawer nomogram, rule of eights, Hull-Sarubbi table and Dettli method) for calculating the initial gentamicin dosage regimen in a Kuwaiti population.

Materials And Methods: Based on measured peak and trough gentamicin concentrations, the elimination rate constant and volume of distribution of gentamicin were calculated for each patient (n = 56), using a modified two-point Sawchuk-Zaske method. The calculated individual set of pharmacokinetic parameters and the initial dose regimen recommended by each of the five methods were used to predict the steady-state peak and trough of gentamicin concentrations.

Therapeutic drug monitoring of high-dose gentamicin in an elderly patient: a case report.

Objective: To report the pharmacokinetics of gentamicin using traditional multiple daily doses and a high-dose regimen in an elderly patient.

Clinical Presentation And Intervention: An 80-year-old male who presented with mild renal failure received two different gentamicin dosing regimens, 60 mg every 8 h for septicemia and a high dose of 400 mg with extended interval for suspected endocarditis. Based on population parameters of k(e) (0.

Ethanol kinetics: extent of error in back extrapolation procedures.

1. Plasma ethanol concentrations were measured in 24 male volunteers for 9 h after a single oral dose of 710 mg kg-1. 2.

Comparison of a Bayesian forecasting technique with a new method for estimating phenytoin dose requirements.

A simple, novel approach to phenytoin dose adjustment recently proposed by Wagner has been compared with an established Bayesian method. A data set comprising a minimum of two steady-state concentration/dose pairs from each of 43 adult epileptic patients was used. Prediction error analysis demonstrated that the two methods were equally precise but that the Wagner method tended to underpredict concentrations.