Symmetric Diblock Copolymers Form Versatile and Switchable Ultrasmall Nanoparticles.

Block copolymers (BCPs) can form nanoparticles having different morphologies that can be used as photonic nanocrystals and are a platform for drug delivery, sensors, and catalysis. In particular, BCP nanoparticles having disk-like shape have been recently discovered. Such nanodisks can be used as the next-generation antitumor drug delivery carriers; however, the applicability of the existing nanodisks is limited due to their poor or unknown ability to respond to external stimuli.

R2DT: a comprehensive platform for visualising RNA secondary structure.

RNA secondary (2D) structure visualisation is an essential tool for understanding RNA function. R2DT is a software package designed to visualise RNA 2D structures in consistent, recognisable, and reproducible layouts. The latest release, R2DT 2.

25-Hydroxycholesterol modulates synaptic vesicle endocytosis at the mouse neuromuscular junction.

Many synaptic vesicles undergo exocytosis in motor nerve terminals during neuromuscular communication. Endocytosis then recovers the synaptic vesicle pool and presynaptic membrane area. The kinetics of endocytosis may shape neuromuscular transmission, determining its long-term reliability.

Optimization of Romiplostim Biosimilar Efficacy Trial Using In Silico Clinical Trial Approach for Patients With Immune Thrombocytopenia.

During biosimilar drug development, conducting a clinical trial of biosimilar efficacy in patients may become necessary in the presence of residual uncertainty regarding the biosimilarity of the drugs. In the development of the biosimilar romiplostim GP40141, we aimed to use a model-based in silico clinical trial (ISCT) approach to optimize the planned biosimilar efficacy trial in patients with immune thrombocytopenia. The population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model for healthy volunteers was modified and validated to describe platelet dynamics in patients with immune thrombocytopenia.

[Assessment of real myocardial energy demand using indirect calorimetry in early postoperative period after cardiac surgery].

Objective: To evaluate actual myocardial energy requirements using indirect calorimetry, oxygen delivery (DO), oxygen extraction ratio (OER), cardiac output (CO) and their components, as well as to study the impact of positive inotropic agent (dobutamine) on myocardial metabolism in early postoperative period after cardiac surgery.

Material And Methods: We measured the main metabolic parameters using indirect calorimetry in 20 patients after on-pump cardiac surgery with cardioplegia. To evaluate the impact of metabolic load on CO, VO and DO, we administered dobutamine 3 µg/kg/min at the second phase of the study.