Efficacy of prehospital administration of fibrinogen concentrate in trauma patients bleeding or presumed to bleed (FIinTIC): A multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised pilot study.

Background: Trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC) substantially contributes to mortality in bleeding trauma patients.

Objective: The aim of the study was to administer fibrinogen concentrate in the prehospital setting to improve blood clot stability in trauma patients bleeding or presumed to bleed.

Design: A prospective, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, international clinical trial.

[Socio-economic aspects of epidemiology of helicobateriosis].

There are considered special social and economic aspects of the epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori. These aspects acquired the particular importance for the last time due to the fact that the provision of the people with pure water has been becoming the focus of the attention of geopolitical and socio-economic interests in a number of countries. The availability ofpure drinking water serves a marker of the socio-economic state of the territory and the population living there.

[NIGHT SHIFT WORK AND HEALTH DISORDER RISK IN FEMALE WORKERS].

There was evaluated the risk to health in females employed in shift work, including night shifts. According to the data of periodical medical examinations health indices of 403 females employed in shift work, including night shifts, were compared with indices of 205 females--workers of administrative units of the same enterprise. Overall relative risk (RR) for the health disorder associated with the night shift was 1.

[Prevention of pyloric H. pylori infection is the actual problem of modern preventive health care].

In the article there are presented data on the high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in Russia and its consequences, including the development of gastric cancer. There is presented the evidence of possible transmission of H.

[On the rating of Helicobacter pylori in drinking water].

There are considered the issues related to the possibility to rate of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) content in drinking water. There is described the mechanism of of biofilm formation.

[The study of spatial distribution of Helicobacter pylori infection rate in able-bodied population of Moscow in the course of medical examination of the manufacturing contingents].

Unlabelled: Numerous studies have shown that Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a leading etiologic factor in the development of chronic atrophic gastritis, one gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer and gastric cancer. Effective prevention of gastroduodenal pathology requires the right information about its prevalence in the population and risk factors.

[Serious sepsis treatment in intensive care departments in the Czech Republic - EPOSS Project pilot results].

Introduction: Severe sepsis is still associated with significant morbidity and mortality, which is however different, as well as its management, depending on the region. What is the situation in the Czech Republic and what is the character of patients with severe sepsis is currently not known. The aim of the project is to describe the processes of care, outcome and characteristics of patients with severe sepsis admitted to the intensive care department of the Czech Republic.

[Approaches to the study of the role of water factor in prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection].

For the present time it became apparent that Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is present in the surface water groundwater wells, in the water from water distribution system. WHO classifies Hp to a group of emerging pathogens for epidemiological surveillance of diseases associated with water. The study, of various aspects of the permeation of Hp into the body of water requires an integrated approach including microbiological, hygienic and epidemiological components.

[Testing of the system of biochemical and immunological indices of the state of population health in the survey of residents of Moscow, exposed to ambient air pollution].

New biomarkers of effect of some controlled ambient air pollutants (formaldehyde, carbon monoxide and TSP) were found in two surveys of Moscow residents (apparently healthy and outpatients with allergic diseases) with a help of screening system of biochemical and immunological parameters. Possible mechanisms of the effects, including interference of atmospheric carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide with corresponding endogenous second messengers, are discussed.

[Phenotypic polymorphism of biomedical parameters of the health status in hygienic studies].

The paper presents the results of investigating the phenotypic polymorphism of a number of biochemical and immunological parameters (the values of oxidative stress, the activity of catalase and glutathione-S-transferase in red blood cells, the serum levels of catecholamines, tumor-necrosis factor-?, and IgG antibody subclasses) in the authors' hygienic studies of genotypic and nongenotypic population samples.

[Current role of methylprednisolone in the treatment of acute spinal cord injury].

High doses of methylprednisolone (MPSS) came into use as part of a therapeutic protocol for acute spinal cord injuries following the published results from the NASCIS II study in 1992; they soon became a standard of care around the world. However, the results of this study have been critically reviewed and questioned by many authors since the beginning. The major argument is based on the fact that its effectiveness in reducing post-injury neurological damage has not been conclusively proved; in addition, there has been increasing evidence of serious side effects of steroids administered at high doses.

[Epidemiological characteristics of Helicobacter pylori infection in Moscow].

The authors studied the prevalence and a number of epidemiological features of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection in Moscow. A prophylactic medical examination revealed the infection in 863 working residents of the megapolis. A mini-invasive study was used.

[Iatrogenic injuries of the pulmonary artery].

The injury of major thoracic vessels always presents life threatening condition. In our case report we present iatrogenous pulmonary artery lesion caused by Swan-ganz catheter during invasive intraluminal pulmonary pressure measurement as a part of examination for cardiosurgical mitral valve replacement. There are no files describing successfully treated patients with vast pulmonary artery trunk injury rather than particular case reports.

[Comprehensive examination of able-bodied populations from different Moscow districts to maintain and correct the health of healthy individuals].

A total of 1038 Muscovites (740 males and 298 females) aged 20 to 60 years were examined using a broad range of clinical and diagnostic methods. In the study cohort, the prevalence of all diseases taken together was 1533 cases per 1000 examinees, the number of cases being 1108.1 and 2590.

[Use of micronuclear test to the human buccal mucosal epithelium].

The paper presents microphotos of anomalies of the human buccal mucosal epitheliocytic nucleus and gives criteria for their identification. Two procedures for making a scrape from the buccal mucosa were compared. The smears prepared from the samples taken with a urogenital brush showed the lower frequency of cells with micronuclei, protrusions of the "broken egg" and "tongue" types, vacuolated cells, as well as cells with nuclear pyknosis and lysis than those prepared with a rough scrape spatula.

[A methodological scheme for examination of the urban population, by making multilevel assessments of exposure to ambient air pollutants].

A novel methodological design comprising multilevel assessments of exposures of examinees to controlled ambient air pollution according to the data of route stations was developed to examine the population of large towns. The design was tested in 4 surveys of Moscow residents (apparently healthy and outpatients with a number of chronic diseases). The findings indicate the fundamental possibility of altering the traditional differential design of biomedical surveys of the population, by introducing more evidence-based regression analyses and dividing the contributions of individual chemicals to the observed changes in health indices.

[A complex approach to evaluation of human genome instability].

In this study, evaluation of genome instability in individuals exposed to chemical compounds included detection of the genetic polymorphism of some xenobiotic metabolic enzymes (CYP1A1, CYP1E1, PON1, GSTM1, GSTT1), as well as measurement of oxidative state chemiluminescent variables and the level of cytogenetic damage. According to the study, the level of chromosomal aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes shows a strong correlation with PON54 left allele and GSTM1 null genotype, and can be described by the polynomial function of blood plasma luminol-dependent chemiluminescence. The frequencies of micronuclei in buccal epithelium displayed a weak association with GSTT1 null genotype.

[Analysis of virulent and avirulent strains of Vibrio cholerae by the nest polymerase chain reaction].

The detection of cholera enterotoxin in environmental objects and isolation of patients are considered to be the most reliable indices of that the cholera agent is present. Described in the case study is a method of nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based on amplifying the ctxA gene fragment coding subunit A of enterotoxin. A possibility was shown to use the above method to confirm the virulence of strains Vibrio cholerae isolated from different sources.

[Use of nested PCR in detection of the plague pathogen].

Causative agents of plague, i.e. bacterium Yersina pestis (in the subcutaneous tissues of rodents) and their cutaneous parasites need to be isolated to enable plague prevention.

[Synthesis and antibacterial activity of the new 9-aminoacridine, 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine, polyfluoro 5,6-dihydro-1,3,5-oxadiazine derivatives].

Screening among 9-aminoacridine, 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenz[b, f]azepine and polyfluoro 5,6-dihydro-1,3,5-oxadiazine derivatives allowed to isolate compounds with potential antibacterial activity. Schemes of the active compounds synthesis are given. The most important is the estimation of the oxydiazines activity against gram-positive microorganisms including methicillin-resistant staphylococci.

[Morphofunctional changes of Wistar rat lungs in acute normobaric hypoxia].

Rats were exposed to a single (30 min) or repeated (30 min x 10, daily) normobaric hypoxia by a gas mixture with 10% of O2. In both cases urgent adaptive reactions develop in the lungs in the form of epithelium desquamation, increasing migration of neutrophils into the lung tissue, enhancement of labrocyte degranulation. Long-term adaptive reactions develop after the repeated exposures: proliferation of connective tissue labrocytes, hyperplasia of the lymphoid tissue associated with bronchi.