Metabolites Generated from Foods Through Lactic Fermentation and Their Benefits on the Intestinal Microbiota and Health.

Metabolites generated in foods with lactic fermentation have been subject of research in recent years due to different beneficial effects attributed to them on the microbiota and health in general, including their properties as antihypertensives, antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antimicrobial, among others. The present review aims to systematically analyze the results of original research that evaluates effects on the microbiota and health in general, mediated by metabolites generated from the lactic fermentation of foods. The review was carried out in the PubMed database, three studies in humans, four studies in murine models, four studies, and the rest focused on the quantification of biofunctional qualities in fermented foods were analyzed.

Towards the characterisation of sustainable diet's gut microbiota composition and functions: A narrative review.

The gut microbiome is a key element for health preservation and disease prevention. Nevertheless, defining a healthy gut microbiome is complex since it is modulated by several factors, such as host genetics, sex, age, geographical zone, drug use, and, especially, diet. Although a healthy diet has proven to increase microbial alpha and beta diversity and to promote the proliferation of health-related bacteria, considering the current environmental and nutritional crisis, such as climate change, water shortage, loss of diversity, and the obesity pandemic, it should be highlighted that a healthy diet is not always sustainable.

Leptin/Ghrelin Axis and Antibodies Reactive to Both Hormones in Relation to Metabolic Syndrome Components in Mexican Children.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) in children is a rising health issue that is strongly associated with cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus development. Low-affinity antibodies reactive to leptin and ghrelin are suggested to regulate hormone stability and function; nevertheless, the role of the leptin/ghrelin axis and antibodies reactive to both hormones in relation to MetS or its components in the pediatric population remains unknown. Fifty-eight children (7-12 years) were included and categorized according to the presence of one or more criteria for the diagnosis of MetS or according to body mass index.

Genetic Evidence of Endocannabinoid System on Perceived Stress and Restricted Food Intake: The Role of Variants rs324420 in Gene and rs1049353 in Gene.

The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is active in brain regions involved in stress, food intake, and emotional regulation. The CB1 receptor and the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) enzyme regulate the ECS. Genetic variants in the gene (rs324420) and in the gene (rs1049353) have been involved in both chronic stress and obesity.

Antibodies Reactive to Leptin in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes and Its Relationship with Clinical, Metabolic and Cardiovascular Risk Parameters.

Background And Aims: Patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) have shown alterations in the affinity of IgG anti-leptin antibodies which are possibly related to metabolic alterations. In the present exploratory study, we analyzed serum samples from adults with T2D classified by body mass index (BMI) and evaluated the relationship of IgG anti-leptin antibodies with body composition, metabolic and cardiovascular risk parameters.

Methods: Serum IgG anti-leptin antibodies (total, free and immune complexes fractions) were measured by in-house ELISA.

[Genetic variants in CD36: emerging role in oral fat perception and food preferences].

CD36 is a receptor involved in physiologic, metabolic and pathologic processes. Due to its affinity for long-chain fatty acids, it has been postulated as a taste receptor of fatty taste. In this review, the emerging genetic evidence linking CD36 to oral fat perception is analyzed.

Sustainable-psycho-nutritional intervention programme for a sustainable diet (the 'NutriSOS' study) and its effects on eating behaviour, diet quality, nutritional status, physical activity, metabolic biomarkers, gut microbiota and water and carbon footprints in Mexican population: study protocol of an mHealth randomised controlled trial.

Mexico is going through an environmental and nutritional crisis related to unsustainable dietary behaviours. Sustainable diets could solve both problems together. This study protocol aims to develop a three-stage, 15-week mHealth randomised controlled trial of a sustainable-psycho-nutritional intervention programme to promote Mexican population adherence to a sustainable diet and to evaluate its effects on health and environmental outcomes.

Ghrelin-Reactive Autoantibodies as Potential Modulators of Dysfunctional Eating Patterns in Women: An Exploratory Study.

Dysfunctional eating patterns include alterations in experiencing and expressing hunger, appetite, and satiety, which may lead to eating disorders or obesity in the long term. Alterations in hormones such as ghrelin have been suggested to influence emotional eating in women with obesity. Ghrelin-reactive autoantibodies (autoAbs) are present both in healthy individuals and those with eating disorders and have been suggested to protect the hormone from degradation and preserve its functional activity.

The water footprint and nutritional implications of diet change in Mexico: a principal component analysis.

Purpose: Nutrition transition (NT) has modified the way that the Mexican population eats, while their body composition has also been modified. These changes have been linked with environmental impacts; however, little is known regarding water footprint (WF). The objective of this paper was to analyze the NT process in Mexico and evaluate its impact on WF using principal component analysis (PCA).

Fiber Consumption Mediates Differences in Several Gut Microbes in a Subpopulation of Young Mexican Adults.

Diet is a determinant for bodyweight and gut microbiota composition. Changes in dietary patterns are useful for the prevention and management of overweight and obesity. We aim to evaluate diet behavior and its potential association with selected gut bacteria and body weight among Mexican young adults.

as Possible Alternative in the Treatment of Hyperglycemia: A Systematic Review.

The study of the bioactive compounds present in extracts has won popularity due to the growing evidence of its medicinal properties, including anticancer and antidiabetic effects. The aim of this study was to systematically analyze the scientific evidence regarding s hypoglycemic effect and the factors affecting the composition of bioactive compounds in different extracts, , and studies were analyzed in the PubMed database following the strategies proposed by the PRISMA guidelines. It was identified that the methodology and results of the articles were heterogeneous.

Leptin-reactive antibodies are distinctly correlated with body composition parameters and metabolic risk indexes in children and adolescents.

Studies have demonstrated the presence of low-affinity immunoglobulins (Igs) directed to leptin, a key hormone of the neuroendocrine axis that regulates appetite and metabolism, in adult healthy subjects, patients with obesity, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In the present exploratory study, IgG leptin-reactive antibodies were analyzed for the first time in children and adolescents according to body mass index (BMI) and were correlated with biochemical profile (lipid profile, insulin, glucose, and leptin) and metabolic risk indexes [homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), homeostasis model assessment for β-cell function (HOMA-β), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP)]. One hundred and thirty-six participants were included (children n = 63, adolescents n = 73).

The role of ghrelin and leptin in feeding behavior: Genetic and molecular evidence.

Feeding behavior is integrated within a wide variety of eating behaviors, which depend on psychosocial, biological and environmental factors. These types of behavior can cause nutrition-related diseases such as obesity, which affects more than 650 million people worldwide. Ghrelin and leptin are key hormones that regulate appetite, food intake and energy metabolism.

IgG antibodies reacting with ghrelin and leptin are correlated with body composition and appetitive traits in young subjects.

Appetitive traits are important behavioural characteristics affecting eating and body composition. Ghrelin and leptin are two key hormones regulating appetite and metabolism. Recent studies have reported the presence of autoantibodies (autoAbs) directed to ghrelin and leptin in healthy individuals as well as affinity alterations in eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa and hyperphagic obesity.

Dysfunctional Patterns of Food Intake by Anxiety during Isolation by COVID-19 in Chile, Colombia and Mexico.

The aim of this research was to compare food intake dysfunctional patterns score with the subjective perception of anxiety and sociodemographic characteristics of the participants in isolation by COVID-19 from Chile, Colombia, and Mexico. A cross-sectional research was carried out, with a virtual questionnaire of subjective perception of anxiety and the questionnaire of three 18-item feeding factors. 958 people of both sexes participated ( = 83% = 17%), mainly in the 18 to 35 age range.

Altered Expression of TSPAN32 during B Cell Activation and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory disease with various clinical features. Autoreactive B cells play a role in disease pathogenesis, through the production of multiple autoantibodies, which form immune complexes and induce the inflammatory response and tissue damage associated with SLE. Recently, tetraspanins, and in particular, TSPAN32, have been recognized to play a central role in immunity, as they are involved in various biological processes, such as the antigen presentation and the activation of lymphocytes.

The role of ghrelin and leptin in feeding behavior: Genetic and molecular evidence.

Feeding behavior is integrated within a wide variety of eating behaviors, which depend on psychosocial, biological and environmental factors. These types of behavior can cause nutrition-related diseases such as obesity, which affects more than 650 million people worldwide. Ghrelin and leptin are key hormones that regulate appetite, food intake and energy metabolism.

The Relevance of Selenium Status in Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune and inflammatory disease that can cause joint damage. Among the environmental risk factors, diet plays an important role because it can aggravate or attenuate inflammation. Selenium (Se) is considered an essential trace element since it is a structural component of antioxidant enzymes; however, its concentration can be affected by diet, drugs and genetic polymorphisms.

Troublesome friends within us: the role of gut microbiota on rheumatoid arthritis etiopathogenesis and its clinical and therapeutic relevance.

The role of gut microbiota on immune regulation and the development of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an emerging research topic. Multiple studies have demonstrated alterations on gut microbiota composition and/or function (referred to as dysbiosis) both in early and established RA patients. Still, research delineating the molecular mechanisms by which gut microorganisms induce the loss of immune tolerance or contribute to disease progression is scarce.

ABCA1 gene R1587K polymorphism could be associated with metabolic syndrome and increased plasma triglyceride concentration in adults from northern Mexico.

Objectives: to investigate the relationship of R1587K genotypes with cardiovascular (CV) risk, metabolic syndrome (MetS), lipid profile, paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activity, and anti-oxLDL titers. Methods: we performed a cross-sectional study in 57 northern Mexican adults with no reported diseases. The ABCA1 R1587K SNP was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) using TaqMan allelic discrimination probes.

gene polymorphism -31118 G > A (rs1761667) is associated with overweight and obesity but not with fat preferences in Mexican children.

CD36 glycoprotein is a candidate receptor involved in the gustatory detection of lipids and emerging evidence has suggested that genetic variations in may modulate the oral perception threshold to fatty acids. Here, we analyzed the association of -31118 G > A polymorphism in gene with nutritional status and preferences for fatty foods in Mexican children. Genotyping of SNP rs1761667 was performed in school-age children (n = 63) in addition to sensory tests evaluating the preference and satisfaction score assigned to oil-based sauces of different fatty acid composition.

Environmental and intrinsic factors shaping gut microbiota composition and diversity and its relation to metabolic health in children and early adolescents: A population-based study.

Background: Gut microbiota, by influencing multiple metabolic processes in the host, is an important determinant of human health and disease. However, gut dysbiosis associated with metabolic complications shows inconsistent patterns. This is likely driven by factors shaping gut microbial composition that have largely been under-evaluated, at a population level, in school-age children, especially from developing countries.

IgG Anti-ghrelin Immune Complexes Are Increased in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Under Biologic Therapy and Are Related to Clinical and Metabolic Markers.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and metabolic alterations. The mechanisms underlying these alterations remain unclear. Ghrelin is a gastrointestinal hormone with potent effects on food intake, body weight, metabolism, and immune response.

Association of extrapituitary prolactin promoter polymorphism with disease susceptibility and anti-RNP antibodies in Mexican patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Introduction: Prolactin (PRL) is a 23-kDa protein that can be synthesized and secreted by pituitary and extrapituitary tissues such as immune cells due to its expression being regulated by two independent promoter regions. The promoter which is responsible for extrapituitary expression contains the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) -1149 G/T previously associated with autoimmune diseases in various populations. This study evaluates the relationship of PRL -1149 G/T polymorphism with PRL serum levels and clinical characteristics in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients from western Mexico.