Are we ready to track climate-driven shifts in marine species across international boundaries? - A global survey of scientific bottom trawl data.

Marine biota are redistributing at a rapid pace in response to climate change and shifting seascapes. While changes in fish populations and community structure threaten the sustainability of fisheries, our capacity to adapt by tracking and projecting marine species remains a challenge due to data discontinuities in biological observations, lack of data availability, and mismatch between data and real species distributions. To assess the extent of this challenge, we review the global status and accessibility of ongoing scientific bottom trawl surveys.

Effects of climate and land-use changes on fish catches across lakes at a global scale.

Globally, our knowledge on lake fisheries is still limited despite their importance to food security and livelihoods. Here we show that fish catches can respond either positively or negatively to climate and land-use changes, by analyzing time-series data (1970-2014) for 31 lakes across five continents. We find that effects of a climate or land-use driver (e.

The role of spatial information in the preservation of the shrimp nursery function of mangroves: a spatially explicit bio-economic model for the assessment of land use trade-offs.

Conversion to aquaculture affects the provision of important ecosystem services provided by mangrove ecosystems, and this effect depends strongly on the location of the conversion. We introduce in a bio-economic mathematical programming model relevant spatial elements that affect the provision of the nursery habitat service of mangroves: (1) direct or indirect connection of mangroves to watercourses; (2) the spatial allocation of aquaculture ponds; and (3) the presence of non-linear relations between mangrove extent and juvenile recruitment to wild shrimp populations. By tracing out the production possibilities frontier of wild and cultivated shrimp, the model assesses the role of spatial information in the trade-off between aquaculture and the nursery habitat function using spatial elements relevant to our model of a mangrove area in Ca Mau Province, Viet Nam.

Challenges of a transition to a sustainably managed shrimp culture agro-ecosystem in the Mahakam delta, East Kalimantan, Indonesia.

Around 1990, when in other countries mangrove protection took off, massive conversion of mangrove forest into shrimp ponds started in the Mahakam delta. To identify constraints to and options for sustainable management we analysed institutions and constraints with stakeholders. In 3 sites we used participatory tools and a complementary survey to assess the livelihood framework.

Long-term outcome in relationship to neonatal transfusion volume in extremely premature infants: a comparative cohort study.

Background: In premature born infants red blood cell (RBC) transfusions have been associated with both beneficial and detrimental sequels. Upon RBC transfusion, improvement in cerebral blood flow and oxygenation have been observed, while a more liberal transfusion policy may be associated with a better developmental outcome. The effect of the transfusion volume on long-term outcome is not known.

Short and long term outcome of neonatal hyperglycemia in very preterm infants: a retrospective follow-up study.

Background: Hyperglycemia in premature infants is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, but data on long-term outcome are limited. We investigated the effects of neonatal hyperglycemia (blood glucose > or = 10 mmol/l, treated with insulin for > or = 12 hours) on growth and neurobehavioral outcome at 2 years of age.

Methods: Retrospective follow-up study at 2 years of age among 859 infants < or =32 weeks of gestation admitted to a tertiary neonatal center between January 2002 and December 2006.

Follow-up outcomes at 1 and 2 years of infants born less than 32 weeks after Newborn Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment Program.

Objective: This was a randomized, controlled trial to investigate the effect of Newborn Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment Program on growth, cognitive, psychomotor, and neuromotor development at 1 and 2 years in infants born at <32 weeks' gestational age.

Methods: Infants were randomly assigned within 48 hours of birth to the newborn individualized developmental care and assessment program group (intervention) or basic developmental care group (control group [ie, incubator covers and nests]). At 1 and 2 years' corrected age, growth was measured and standardized neurologic examinations were administered.

No change in developmental outcome with incubator covers and nesting for very preterm infants in a randomised controlled trial.

Objective: To investigate in a randomised controlled trial the effect of basic elements of developmental care (incubator covers and positioning aids) on growth and neurodevelopment in infants born at < 32 weeks.

Method: Infants were randomised within 48 h of birth to a developmental care (DC) or standard care (C) group. Outcome measures at 1 and 2 years corrected age were growth, standardised neurological examinations, and mental (MDI) and psychomotor (PDI) development (Dutch version of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II).

Vasodilator effects of nebivolol in a rat model of hypertension and a rabbit model of congestive heart failure.

Both hypertension and congestive heart failure are characterized by a reduced vasodilatory capacity. In both conditions, the impairment of endothelial function is mainly the result of a reduced nitric oxide availability. The highly beta1-selective third-generation adrenoceptor blocker nebivolol displays additional endothelium-dependent vasodilating actions in humans as well as in animal models.

The sympathetic nervous system and the metabolic syndrome.

Studies performed in the past two decades have unequivocally shown that several of the components of the metabolic syndrome are associated with indirect and direct markers of adrenergic overdrive. This is the case for hypertension and obesity, in which resting tachycardia, elevated plasma norepinephrine values, increased sympathetic nerve traffic, as well as augmented levels of total and regional norepinephrine spillover have been reported. This is also the case for insulin resistance, i.

Is nephrocalcinosis in preterm neonates harmful for long-term blood pressure and renal function?

Objective: The aim of our study was to examine long-term effects of nephrocalcinosis in prematurely born children.

Patients And Methods: Preterm neonates (gestational age <32 weeks) with (n = 42) and without (n = 32) nephrocalcinosis were prospectively studied at a mean age of 7.5 (+/-1.

Angiotensin II receptor antagonists (AT-blockers, ARBs, sartans): similarities and differences.

A survey is presented of the registered non-peptidergic angiotensin II receptor antagonists (AT blockers, ARBs, sartans) and their general properties and similarities. Accordingly, their receptor profile, pharmacokinetic and therapeutic applications are discussed. In addition, attention is paid to the individual characteristics of the AT blockers now available.

Does citrate prevent nephrocalcinosis in preterm neonates?

Nephrocalcinosis (NC) occurs frequently in preterm neonates. A high U-calcium/citrate is one of the contributing factors to the development of NC. In stone-forming children and adults citrate supplementation is a successful preventive therapy.

Background and treatment of metabolic syndrome: a therapeutic challenge.

Metabolic syndrome is characterized by a clustering of cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors. This syndrome is now widely recognized as a distinct pathologic entity. It is receiving a great deal of attention in the medical literature and also in the lay press.

The metabolic syndrome - background and treatment.

The metabolic syndrome (MBS) is characterised by a clustering of cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors. This syndrome is now widely recognised as a distinct pathological entity, and it is receiving a great deal of attention in the medical literature but also in the lay press. Globally speaking, persons with MBS have a clustering of the following risk factors: [List: see text] MBS is associated with important cardio/cerebrovascular and metabolic risks.

ESH-ESC guidelines for the management of hypertension.

The following is a brief statement of the 2003 European Society of Hypertension (ESH)-European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. The continuous relationship between the level of blood pressure and cardiovascular risk makes the definition of hypertension arbitrary. Since risk factors cluster in hypertensive individuals, risk stratification should be made and decision about the management should not be based on blood pressure alone, but also according to the presence or absence of other risk factors, target organ damage, diabetes, and cardiovascular or renal damage, as well as on other aspects of the patient's personal, medical and social situation.

Vasopressin receptor antagonists: pharmacological tools and potential therapeutic agents.

The present survey deals with the development and applications of non-peptidergic vasopressin receptor antagonists. The existence of at least three vasopressin receptors (V(1), V(2) and V(3) respectively) is firmly established. V(1)-receptors play a relevant role in the regulation of vascular tone, whereas V(2)-receptors are known to mediate the antidiuretic activity of vasopressin at the level of the renal collecting ducts.