Integrating natural and anthropogenic factors in assessment of benthic ecosystem disturbance: A biotic index approach from the southern Baltic Sea.

The Baltic Sea, with its semi-enclosed and nutrient-rich waters, can serve for compelling case studies to understand coastal dynamics amidst anthropogenic pressures. We assessed the levels of benthic disturbance across various coastal locations along the southern Baltic, focusing on water and sediment parameters and benthic community structure. We revealed significant differences in ecological status measured by the AMBI index, largely influenced by the quantity and quality of organic matter in sediments.