Joining the in vitro immunization of alpaca lymphocytes and phage display: rapid and cost effective pipeline for sdAb synthesis.

Background: Camelids possess unique functional heavy chain antibodies, which can be produced and modified in vitro as a single domain antibody (sdAb or nanobody) with full antigen binding ability. Production of sdAb in conventional manner requires active immunization of Camelidae animal, which is laborious, time consuming, costly and in many cases not feasible (e.g.

Identification of B-cell epitopes of Borrelia burgdorferi outer surface protein C by screening a phage-displayed gene fragment library.

Outer surface protein C (OspC) of Borrelia stimulates remarkable immune responses during early infection and is therefore currently considered a leading diagnostic and vaccine candidate. The sensitivity and specificity of serological tests based on whole protein OspC for diagnosis of Lyme disease are still unsatisfactory. Minimal B-cell epitopes are key in the development of reliable immunodiagnostic tools.

A rapid and simple pipeline for synthesis of mRNA-ribosome-V(H)H complexes used in single-domain antibody ribosome display.

The single-domain antibody (VHH) is a promising building block for a number of antibody-based applications. Ribosome display can successfully be used in the production of VHH. However, the construction of the expression cassette, confirmation of the translation and proper folding of the nascent chain, and the purification of the ribosome complexes, remain cumbersome tasks.

Deciphering the protein interaction in adhesion of Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica to the endothelial cells.

Extracellular form of Francisella is able to cross various cell barriers and invade multiple organs, such as skin, liver, lung and central nervous system. Transient adhesion of Francisella to endothelial cells may trigger the process of translocation. In this report, we showed that Francisella tularensis subsp.

Molecular hydrogen in drinking water protects against neurodegenerative changes induced by traumatic brain injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in its various forms has emerged as a major problem for modern society. Acute TBI can transform into a chronic condition and be a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, probably through induction of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Here, we examined the ability of the antioxidant molecular hydrogen given in drinking water (molecular hydrogen water; mHW) to alter the acute changes induced by controlled cortical impact (CCI), a commonly used experimental model of TBI.

Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of two peptides from Alzheimer PHF in complex with the MN423 antibody Fab fragment.

The major constituent of the Alzheimer's disease paired helical filaments (PHF) core is the intrinsically disordered protein (IDP) tau. Globular binding partners, e.g.