Plasma lipid peroxides in murine sepsis--sex differences and effect of antioxidative/anti-inflammatory therapy.

In order to investigate the influence of antioxidative/anti-inflammatory combination therapy (AACT) with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), chlorpromazine (CPZ) and vitamin E upon the activity of the inflammation, plasma lipid peroxide was measured as thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) 12 hrs postoperatively in the modified cecal ligation sepsis model in the mouse. Significantly higher TBARS levels were found in the male control group (13.7 +/- 0.

The relationship between peritoneal glucose absorption and body fluid loss by ultrafiltration during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

Eight continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients were studied during six consecutive days using dialysate with a different glucose concentration on each day. For all dialysate glucose concentrations ranging from 70 to 198 mmol/l, an inverse linear relationship was found between the percentage of absorbed glucose and the ultrafiltration rate. In each patient a linear correlation was demonstrated between the dialysate glucose concentration and the quantity of body fluid removed by ultrafiltration.

Alterations in the peritoneal transport of water and solutes during peritonitis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients.

The in situ intraperitoneal volume and the mass transfer area coefficients (MTC) of urea, lactate, creatinine, glucose, kanamycin, inulin, beta 2-microglobulin, albumin and IgG were studied in eight continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. All patients were studied during a 4-h dialysis dwell, first during peritonitis and subsequently after recovery from the infection. The maximal intraperitoneal volume was reached at 68 min during peritonitis and at 150 min in the study after recovery (P less than 0.

Circadian rhythm of urinary beta 2 microglobulin excretion in patients with a nephrotic syndrome.

The changes in urinary beta 2 microglobulin excretion during the day were studied in 20 patients with a nephrotic syndrome under standardized conditions and compared with the known circadian variations in urinary albumin excretion in the same patients. Fifteen of the 20 patients (75%) had a circadian rhythm for beta 2 microglobulin in the urine. Phase as well as relative amplitude of the beta 2 microglobulin circadian rhythm varied between patients.

Mechanisms by which acute phase proteins enhance development of liver fibrosis: effects on collagenase and prolyl-4-hydroxylase activity in the rat liver.

Previous experiments showed that the presence of high levels of acute phase reactants (APR) enhance CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in the rat. A high correlation was found between the degree of fibrosis and alpha 2-macroglobulin of the rat (alpha 2-macrofetoprotein, alpha M-FP) used for monitoring the acute phase response. This acute phase reaction was provoked by epinephrine just before CCl4 treatment was started.

Peritoneal permeability to proteins in diabetic and non-diabetic continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients.

Peritoneal permeability to proteins was measured in diabetic and non-diabetic continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients during peritonitis and control periods. Clearances of albumin, transferrin, IgG, C3 and alpha 2-macroglobulin appeared to decrease as molecular weight increased. This relationship could be described by a power curve fit.

Simple assessment of the efficacy of peritoneal transport in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients.

The efficacy of peritoneal transport was assessed in 13 permeability studies in 11 continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. During each study the in situ intraperitoneal volume was measured as well as the dialysate and plasma concentrations of various solutes with a molecular weight range from 60 to 5,500. As clearance estimations are unsuitable for the purpose of permeability studies, mass transfer area coefficients were used.

Histophotometric estimation of volume density of collagen as an indication of fibrosis in rat liver.

The development of fibrosis in the liver of 16 rats treated for 1, 2, 3 or 4 weeks with CCl4, has been followed with chemical hydroxyproline determination and histophotometric analysis of histological sections stained with Sirius Red F3BA in saturated aqueous picric acid. The readings were taken with a scanning and integrating microphotometer and corrected for picric acid absorbance as a measure for mean protein mass per unit area of the section. It appears that the integrated absorbance readings of Sirius Red absorbing material in the section show a highly significant correlation with the hydroxyproline determinations.

Ultrastructural evidence for the presence of ferritin-iron in the biliary system of patients with iron overload.

Ferritin-like particles were observed in bile canaliculi of patients with iron overload. These particles have been further investigated by: a staining method enhancing the size and contrast of ferritin protein, and electron probe microanalysis detecting the presence of the elements iron and phosphorus. Morphological observation of coated vesicles in the cytoplasm adjacent to the bile canaliculi and coated pits in the canalicular membrane suggests a transport mechanism via membrane-bound organelles.

A circadian rhythm of proteinuria in patients with a nephrotic syndrome.

Circadian variations in proteinuria were studied in 17 patients with different types of glomerulopathies. During 3-4 successive days urine was collected over periods of 3 h under standardized conditions. Thirteen of the 17 patients showed a circadian rhythm of their proteinuria with a maximum excretion in daytime around 16.

Formulation of a stable p-acetylaminohippurate infusion fluid and determination of the serum concentrations.

An infusion fluid with p-acetylaminohippurate (PACAH) was formulated and a method for analysis of PACAH in serum, urine and infusion fluid based on reversed phase HPLC was developed. No significant degradation could be observed after steam sterilization for twenty minutes at 120 degrees C. From the results of an investigation of the degradation rate at elevated temperatures a negligible loss of content during storage for three years at 20 degrees C could be predicted.

Ferritin in liver, plasma and bile of the iron-loaded rat.

Rats were loaded with iron. With overload, up to a 10-fold increase of the iron and ferritin protein content of the livers was measured. The plasma ferritin concentration increased gradually with the ferritin concentration in the liver.

The microheterogeneity of human liver and serum ferritins measured on minute amounts of ferritin in crude samples.

A method is presented to measure the microheterogeneity of ferritin in micrograms amounts, without purifying the samples extensively. Ferritin-containing samples such as serum and homogenized liver-biopsy specimens were mixed with Sephadex G-75 and ampholines. Isoelectric focussing was performed and the pH gradient in the Sephadex was measured.

Lactoferrin in pure pancreatic juice.

Lactoferrin as assayed by a radial immunodiffusion technique was studied in pure pancreatic juice collected at endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography from 23 patients with chronic pancreatitis, 12 with acute pancreatitis, 21 with pancreatic cancer, and 29 cases of nonpancreatic gastrointestinal disease. No clear difference between lactoferrin concentrations in the chronic pancreatitis patients and other groups was found. Moreover, most lactoferrin levels were below the limit of detection in our assay.

The amount of ferritin and hemosiderin in the livers of patients with iron-loading diseases.

Depot iron, ferritin iron, and ferritin protein were measured in 34 liver needle biopsy specimens obtained from patients with primary and secondary iron-loading diseases. The patients were classified as idiopathic hemochromatosis (14), porphyria cutanea tarda (4), and iron-loading anemias (16). With accumulation of depot iron, the amount of liver ferritin protein increased, however, the ratio of ferritin protein to depot iron fell at concentrations of depot iron in excess of 1,000 micrograms per gm of liver.

Influence of liver isoferritin profile on quantitative measurement of total ferritin protein in human liver, with emphasis on iron overload.

Ferritin was isolated from normal human liver and from iron-loaded human liver by gel chromatography and by ultracentrifugation. From each of these ferritin batches several isoferritin fractions were isolated by preparative isoelectric focusing. It was our aim to have at our disposal isoferritin fractions with relatively large pI ranges but distinctly different isoferritin profiles on analytical isoelectric focusing.

Iron mobilisation with chelating agents during acute viral hepatitis.

During acute viral hepatitis, disturbances in iron metabolism occur. To obtain more insight into this, DFO and DTPA induced urinary iron excretion was studied during acute viral hepatitis. It was found that liver cell damage enhances iron excretion, in proportion to the extent of liver cell disintegration: a highly significant correlation was shown between the DFO as well as DTPA induced urinary iron excretion, and the SGPT.

Some aspects of iron metabolism during acute viral hepatitis.

In the acute phase of acute viral hepatitis high serum iron and serum ferritin levels were found in all patients. The normalisation of the serum ferritin concentration parallelled that of the serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase activity. However serum iron levels remained elevated for a long period of time.

Rat liver storage iron and plasma ferritin during D-galactosamine-HCl-induced hepatitis.

1. D-Galactosamine-HCl induces toxic hepatitis in the rat and was used as a model to study some aspects of iron metabolism during liver cell damage. Some changes in iron metabolism were similar to those encountered in human acute viral hepatitis.

On the iron content of human serum ferritin, especially in acute viral hepaptitis and iron overload.

A new method has been developed to measure ferritin iron in human serum. The ferritin is bound to antibodies to ferritin, which are coupled to Sepharose 4-B and separated from the serum by centrifugation. The iron is liberated from the bound ferritin and measured colorimetrically.