Erratum to "Gravity-Dependent Animacy Perception in Zebrafish".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.34133/2022/9829016.].

Visual number sense for real-world scenes shared by deep neural networks and humans.

Recently, visual number sense has been identified from deep neural networks (DNNs). However, whether DNNs have the same capacity for real-world scenes, rather than the simple geometric figures that are often tested, is unclear. In this study, we explore the number perception of scenes using AlexNet and find that numerosity can be represented by the pattern of group activation of the category layer units.

Different macaque brain network remodeling after spinal cord injury and NT3 treatment.

Graph theory-based analysis describes the brain as a complex network. Only a few studies have examined modular composition and functional connectivity (FC) between modules in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). Little is known about the longitudinal changes in hubs and topological properties at the modular level after SCI and treatment.

Form Properties of Moving Targets Bias Smooth Pursuit Target Selection in Monkeys.

During natural viewing, we often recognize multiple objects, detect their motion, and select one object as the target to track. It remains to be determined how such behavior is guided by the integration of visual form and motion perception. To address this, we studied how monkeys made a choice to track moving targets with different forms by smooth pursuit eye movements in a two-target task.

Gravity-Dependent Animacy Perception in Zebrafish.

Biological motion (BM), depicted by a handful of point lights attached to the major joints, conveys rich animacy information, which is significantly disrupted if BM is shown upside down. This well-known inversion effect in BM perception is conserved in terrestrial vertebrates and is presumably a manifestation of an evolutionarily endowed perceptual filter (i.e.

Neural regeneration therapy after spinal cord injury induces unique brain functional reorganizations in rhesus monkeys.

Purpose: Spinal cord injury (SCI) destroys the sensorimotor pathway and induces brain plasticity. However, the effect of treatment-induced spinal cord tissue regeneration on brain functional reorganization remains unclear. This study was designed to investigate the large-scale functional interactions in the brains of adult female Rhesus monkeys with injured and regenerated thoracic spinal cord.

NT3-chitosan enables de novo regeneration and functional recovery in monkeys after spinal cord injury.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) often leads to permanent loss of motor, sensory, and autonomic functions. We have previously shown that neurotrophin3 (NT3)-loaded chitosan biodegradable material allowed for prolonged slow release of NT3 for 14 weeks under physiological conditions. Here we report that NT3-loaded chitosan, when inserted into a 1-cm gap of hemisectioned and excised adult rhesus monkey thoracic spinal cord, elicited robust axonal regeneration.

Role of the Hippocampus in Distinct Memory Traces: Timing of Match and Mismatch Enhancement Revealed by Intracranial Recording.

A previous functional magnetic resonance imaging study reported evidence for parallel memory traces in the hippocampus: a controlled match signal detecting matches to internally-generated goal states and an automatic mismatch signal identifying unpredicted perceptual novelty. However, the timing information in this process is unknown. In the current study, facilitated by the high spatial and temporal resolution of intracranial recording from human patients, we confirmed that the left posterior hippocampus played an important role in the goal match enhancement effect, in which combinations of object identity and location were involved.

Ketamine changes the local resting-state functional properties of anesthetized-monkey brain.

Objective: Ketamine is a well-known anesthetic. 'Recreational' use of ketamine common induces psychosis-like symptoms and cognitive impairments. The acute and chronic effects of ketamine on relevant brain circuits have been studied, but the effects of single-dose ketamine administration on the local resting-state functional properties of the brain remain unknown.

A critical role of temporoparietal junction in the integration of top-down and bottom-up attentional control.

Information processing can be biased toward behaviorally relevant and salient stimuli by top-down (goal-directed) and bottom-up (stimulus-driven) attentional control processes respectively. However, the neural basis underlying the integration of these processes is not well understood. We employed functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) in humans to examine the brain mechanisms underlying the interaction between these two processes.

Alteration of brain regional homogeneity of monkeys with spinal cord injury: A longitudinal resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study.

Purpose: To investigate the longitudinal brain regional homogeneity (ReHo) changes in nonhuman primate after spinal cord injury (SCI) by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

Methods: Three adult female rhesus monkeys underwent unilateral thoracic cord injury. A resting-state fMRI examination was performed in the healthy stage and 4, 8, and 12 weeks after the injury.

Fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation changes in monkeys with spinal cord injury: a resting-state fMRI study.

Purpose: Although functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has revealed that spinal cord injury (SCI) causes anomalous changes in task-induced brain activation, its effect during the resting state remains unclear. The aim of this study is to explore the changes of the brain resting-state function in non-human primates with unilateral SCI.

Materials And Methods: Eleven adult female rhesus monkeys were subjected to resting-state fMRI: five with unilateral thoracic SCI and six healthy monkeys, to obtain the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) of the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) contrast signal to determine the influence of SCI on the cerebral resting-state function.

Atrophy and primary somatosensory cortical reorganization after unilateral thoracic spinal cord injury: a longitudinal functional magnetic resonance imaging study.

The effects of traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) on the changes in the central nervous system (CNS) over time may depend on the dynamic interaction between the structural integrity of the spinal cord and the capacity of the brain plasticity. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used in a longitudinal study on five rhesus monkeys to observe cerebral activation during upper limb somatosensory tasks in healthy animals and after unilateral thoracic SCI. The changes in the spinal cord diameters were measured, and the correlations among time after the lesion, structural changes in the spinal cord, and primary somatosensory cortex (S1) reorganization were also determined.

Altered functional connectivity within and between brain modules in absence epilepsy: a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study.

Functional connectivity has been correlated with a patient's level of consciousness and has been found to be altered in several neuropsychiatric disorders. Absence epilepsy patients, who experience a loss of consciousness, are assumed to suffer from alterations in thalamocortical networks; however, previous studies have not explored the changes at a functional module level. We used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine the alteration in functional connectivity that occurs in absence epilepsy patients.

[Effects of combined application of biochar and inorganic fertilizers on the available phosphorus content of upland red soil].

Aiming at the low content of available phosphorus in upland red soil of Southern China, this paper studied the effects of combined application of biochar and inorganic fertilizers on the available phosphorus and organic carbon contents and the pH of this soil. With the combined application of biochar and inorganic fertilizers, the soil physical and chemical properties improved to different degrees. As compared with the control, the soil pH and the soil organic carbon and available phosphorus contents at different growth stages of oil rape after the combined application of biochar and inorganic fertilizers all had an improvement, with the increments at bolting stage, flowering stage, and ripening stage being 16%, 24% and 26%, 23%, 34% and 38%, and 100%, 191% and 317% , respectively.

Setup and data analysis for functional magnetic resonance imaging of awake cat visual cortex.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is one of the most commonly used methods in cognitive neuroscience on humans. In recent decades, fMRI has also been used in the awake monkey experiments to localize functional brain areas and to compare the functional differences between human and monkey brains. Several procedures and paradigms have been developed to maintain proper head fixation and to perform motion control training.

Effects of acupuncture therapy on abdominal fat and hepatic fat content in obese children: a magnetic resonance imaging and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) together with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) to study the influence of acupuncture therapy on abdominal fat and hepatic fat content in obese children.

Design: The design was a longitudinal, clinical intervention study of acupuncture therapy.

Subjects: SUBJECTS were 10 healthy, obese children (age: 11.

Auditory cortex tracks both auditory and visual stimulus dynamics using low-frequency neuronal phase modulation.

Integrating information across sensory domains to construct a unified representation of multi-sensory signals is a fundamental characteristic of perception in ecological contexts. One provocative hypothesis deriving from neurophysiology suggests that there exists early and direct cross-modal phase modulation. We provide evidence, based on magnetoencephalography (MEG) recordings from participants viewing audiovisual movies, that low-frequency neuronal information lies at the basis of the synergistic coordination of information across auditory and visual streams.

[A new method based on sparse component decomposition to remove MRI artifacts in the continuous EEG recordings].

How to effectively remove the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) artifacts in the electroencephalography (EEG) recordings, when EEG and functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) are simultaneous recorded, is a challenge for integration of EEG and FMRI. According to the temporal-spatial difference between MRI artifacts and EEG, a new method based on sparse component decomposition in the mixed over-complete dictionary is proposed in this paper to remove MR artifacts. A mixed over-complete dictionary (MOD) of waveletes and discrete cosine which can exhibit the temporal-spatial discrepancy between MRI artificats and EEG is constructed first, and then the signals are separated by learning in this MOD with matching pursuit (MP) algorithm.

A new method based on sparse component decomposition to remove MRI artifacts in the continuous EEG recordings.

How to effectively remove the Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) artifacts in the Electroencephalography(EEG) recordings, induced when EEG and Functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) are simultaneously recorded, is a challenge for integration of EEG and FMRI. According to the temporal-spatial difference between MRI artifacts and EEG, a new method based on sparse component decomposition in the mixed over-complete dictionary is proposed in this paper to remove MR artifacts. A mixed over-complete dictionary(MOD) of wavelet and discrete cosine which can exhibit the temporal-spatial discrepancy between MRI artificats and EEG is constructed first, and then the signals are separated by learning in this MOD with Matching pursuit(MP) algorithm.

In search of the Chinese self: an fMRI study.

Cultural influences on the concept of self is a very important topic for social cognitive neuroscientific exploration, as yet, little if anything is known about this topic at the neural level. The present study investigates this problem by looking at the Chinese culture's influence on the concept of self, in which the self includes mother. In Western cultures, self-referential processing leads to a memory performance advantage over other forms of semantic processing including mother-referential, other-referential and general semantic processing, and an advantage that is potentially localizable to the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC).

A comparison of Gamma and Gaussian dynamic convolution models of the fMRI BOLD response.

Blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) contrast-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been widely utilized to detect brain neural activities and great efforts are now stressed on the hemodynamic processes of different brain regions activated by a stimulus. The focus of this paper is the comparison of Gamma and Gaussian dynamic convolution models of the fMRI BOLD response. The convolutions are between the perfusion function of the neural response to a stimulus and a Gaussian or Gamma function.

A study on asymmetry of spatial visual field by analysis of the fMRI BOLD response.

The asymmetry of the left-right and upper-lower visual field is analyzed in this paper by a model approach based on the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) response. The model consists of the convolution between a Gaussian function and the perfusion function of neural response to stimulus. The model parameters are estimated by a nonlinear optimal algorithm, and te asymmetry of the left-right and upper-lower visual field is investigated by the differences of the model parameters.

Full-screen ultrafast video modes over-clocked by simple VESA routines and registers reprogramming under MS-DOS.

Fast full-screen presentation of stimuli is necessary in psychological research. Although Spitczok von Brisinski (1994) introduced a method that achieved ultrafast display by reprogramming the registers, he could not produce an acceptable full-screen display. In this report, the author introduces a new method combining VESA routine calling with registers reprogramming that can yield a display at 640 x 480 resolution, with a refresh rate of about 150 Hz.