Sustainable and smart rail transit based on advanced self-powered sensing technology.

As rail transit continues to develop, expanding railway networks increase the demand for sustainable energy supply and intelligent infrastructure management. In recent years, advanced rail self-powered technology has rapidly progressed toward artificial intelligence and the internet of things (AIoT). This review primarily discusses the self-powered and self-sensing systems in rail transit, analyzing their current characteristics and innovative potentials in different scenarios.

A self-powered and self-monitoring ultra-low frequency wave energy harvester for smart ocean ranches.

The ocean ranch environment contains ultra-low-frequency wave energy that can be utilized for powering low-power equipment. Therefore, this article proposes a smart ocean ranch self-powered and self-monitoring system (SOR-SSS) which consists of several key components: a mass pendulum ball (MPB), a commutation wheel system (CWS), an electromagnetic energy harvesting unit (EEHU), and four piezoelectric energy harvesting units (PEHU). Through six-degree-of-freedom vibration test bench experiments, the SOR-SSS achieved a maximum output power of 17.

Sustainable Sea of Internet of Things: Wind Energy Harvesting System for Unmanned Surface Vehicles.

Harvesting wind energy from the environment and integrating it with the internet of things and artificial intelligence to enable intelligent ocean environment monitoring are effective approach. There are some challenges that limit the performance of wind energy harvesters, such as the larger start-up torque and the narrow operational wind speed range. To address these issues, this paper proposes a wind energy harvesting system with a self-regulation strategy based on piezoelectric and electromagnetic effects to achieve state monitoring for unmanned surface vehicles (USVs).

A self-powered and self-sensing knee negative energy harvester.

Wearable devices realize health monitoring, information transmission, etc. In this study, the human-friendliness, adaptability, reliability, and economy (HARE) principle for designing human energy harvesters is first proposed and then a biomechanical energy harvester (BMEH) is proposed to recover the knee negative energy to generate electricity. The proposed BMEH is mounted on the waist of the human body and connected to the ankles by ropes for driving.

A Self-Sensing and Self-Powered Wearable System Based on Multi-Source Human Motion Energy Harvesting.

Wearable devices play an indispensable role in modern life, and the human body contains multiple wasted energies available for wearable devices. This study proposes a self-sensing and self-powered wearable system (SS-WS) based on scavenging waist motion energy and knee negative energy. The proposed SS-WS consists of a three-degree-of-freedom triboelectric nanogenerator (TDF-TENG) and a negative energy harvester (NEH).

Harvesting Inertial Energy and Powering Wearable Devices: A Review.

Amidst the swift progression of microelectronics and Internet of Things technology, wearable devices are gradually gaining ground in the domains of human health monitoring. Recently, human bioenergy harvesting has emerged as a plausible alternative to batteries. This paper delves into harvesting human inertial energy that stimulates inertial masses through human motion and then transmutes the motion of the inertial masses into electrical energy.

Parameter optimization analysis of rotary electromagnetic vibration energy harvester for performance enhancement under free vibration.

In this paper, three new important aspects of rotary electromagnetic vibration energy harvesting technology (RE-VEH) are concerned and investigated: (i) vibro-electric coupling mechanism of the RE-VEH system is studied through theoretical modeling; (ii) quantitative analysis of system parameters based on numerical simulation method is carried out for the optimal design of RE-VEH; and (iii) dynamic power output performance of the RE-VEH system in free vibration is discussed. The parameter adjusting methods of the RE-VEH system in free vibration mode are obtained through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. The experimental results show that the power output performance of RE-VEH in free vibration mode matches the numerical simulation results.

An energy harvesting shock absorber for powering on-board electrical equipment in freight trains.

To realize smart detection and safe operation of freight trains, a continuous and stable energy source is required for electrical equipment on the train. It is a feasible scheme to harvest the vibration energy of train suspension to supply power for on-board electrical equipment. This paper presents an energy-harvesting shock absorber (EHSA) based on the slider-crank mechanism and ratchet-pawl mechanism, which provide a vibration reduction effect and renewable electricity.

A negative-work knee energy harvester based on homo-phase transfer for wearable monitoring devices.

Wearable health monitoring devices can effectively capture human body information and are widely used in health monitoring, but battery life is an important bottleneck in its development. A full negative-work energy harvester based on the homo-phase transfer mechanism by analyzing human motion characteristics was proposed in this paper. The system was designed based on the homo-phase transfer mechanism, including a motion input module, gear acceleration module, energy conversion module, and electric energy storage module.

Techno-economic assessment of implementing photovoltaic water villas in Maldives.

Solar energy is considered to be an effective measure to alleviate the shortage of power supply in the Maldives. In this paper, a roof photovoltaic (PV) system integrated into water villas in the Maldives was investigated. Three islands-Ayada Maldives, Angaga Island Resort, and JA Manafaru, located in the southern, central, and northern parts of Maldives-were selected for a case study.

A near-zero energy system based on a kinetic energy harvester for smart ranch.

Smart ranch relying on sensor systems to realize monitoring of animals and the environment has emerged with the promotion of the Internet of Things (IoT). This paper proposes a near-zero energy system (NZES) based on a kinetic energy harvester (KEH) for smart ranch. The KEH is based on motion enhancement mechanism (MEM) for kinetic energy recovery from animal movement to realize self-powered applications of smart ranch.

A review of energy harvesting from regenerative shock absorber from 2000 to 2021: advancements, emerging applications, and technical challenges.

In the automotive and transportation sectors, technological advancements and innovations aim to reduce fuel consumption and CO emissions of vehicles. In vehicles, a significant portion of fuel energy is wasted in heat, vibrations, and frictional losses. The vibration energy from vehicle suspension systems is always wasted in heat and can be utilized for useful purposes.

A vibration energy harvester for freight train track self-powered application.

The safe and stable operation of the widely distributed freight trains urgently needs to solve the power supply problem of the freight train track monitoring network. In this article, an innovative and efficient energy harvesting mechanism is designed based on a mechanical vibration rectifier (MVR), with four modules of motion conversion, motion rectification, generator, and storage. The motion conversion module converts the linear vibration of the rail into rotational motion through the ball screw.

An extended-range wave-powered autonomous underwater vehicle applied to underwater wireless sensor networks.

The autonomous underwater vehicle has widespread applications in marine resource exploration, seabed search and rescue, underwater military reconnaissance, and marine environmental monitoring. Owing to the limited battery capacity, autonomous underwater vehicles usually only operate for several hours or days at a time. This article presents an extended-range wave-powered autonomous underwater vehicle (WPAUV) for underwater wireless sensor networks.

A review of vibration energy harvesting in rail transportation field.

In this paper, we review, compare, and analyze previous studies on vibration energy harvesting and related technologies. First, the paper introduces the basic aspects of vibration energy acquisition in the railway environment, including vibration frequency, train speed, energy flow in the train, and vibration energy harvesting potential. Generally, the methods for scavenging vibration energy caused by passing trains can be divided into four categories: electromagnetic harvesters, piezoelectric harvesters, triboelectric harvesters, and hydraulic harvesters.

Applications of additive manufacturing (AM) in sustainable energy generation and battle against COVID-19 pandemic: The knowledge evolution of 3D printing.

Sustainable and cleaner manufacturing systems have found broad applications in industrial processes, especially aerospace, automotive and power generation. Conventional manufacturing methods are highly unsustainable regarding carbon emissions, energy consumption, material wastage, costly shipment and complex supply management. Besides, during global COVID-19 pandemic, advanced fabrication and management strategies were extremely required to fulfill the shortfall of basic and medical emergency supplies.

Additively manufactured nano-mechanical energy harvesting systems: advancements, potential applications, challenges and future perspectives.

Additively manufactured nano-MEH systems are widely used to harvest energy from renewable and sustainable energy sources such as wind, ocean, sunlight, raindrops, and ambient vibrations. A comprehensive study focusing on in-depth technology evolution, applications, problems, and future trends of specifically 3D printed nano-MEH systems with an energy point of view is rarely conducted. Therefore, this paper looks into the state-of-the-art technologies, energy harvesting sources/methods, performance, implementations, emerging applications, potential challenges, and future perspectives of additively manufactured nano-mechanical energy harvesting (3DP-NMEH) systems.

Vehicle driver drowsiness detection method using wearable EEG based on convolution neural network.

Vehicle drivers driving cars under the situation of drowsiness can cause serious traffic accidents. In this paper, a vehicle driver drowsiness detection method using wearable electroencephalographic (EEG) based on convolution neural network (CNN) is proposed. The presented method consists of three parts: data collection using wearable EEG, vehicle driver drowsiness detection and the early warning strategy.

A High-Speed Target-Free Vision-Based Sensor for Bus Rapid Transit Viaduct Vibration Measurements Using CMT and ORB Algorithms.

Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) has become an increasing source of concern for public transportation of modern cities. Traditional contact sensing techniques during the process of health monitoring of BRT viaducts cannot overcome the deficiency that the normal free-flow of traffic would be blocked. Advances in computer vision technology provide a new line of thought for solving this problem.

Design of a Fatigue Detection System for High-Speed Trains Based on Driver Vigilance Using a Wireless Wearable EEG.

The vigilance of the driver is important for railway safety, despite not being included in the safety management system (SMS) for high-speed train safety. In this paper, a novel fatigue detection system for high-speed train safety based on monitoring train driver vigilance using a wireless wearable electroencephalograph (EEG) is presented. This system is designed to detect whether the driver is drowsiness.

A Novel Multi-Sensor Environmental Perception Method Using Low-Rank Representation and a Particle Filter for Vehicle Reversing Safety.

Environmental perception and information processing are two key steps of active safety for vehicle reversing. Single-sensor environmental perception cannot meet the need for vehicle reversing safety due to its low reliability. In this paper, we present a novel multi-sensor environmental perception method using low-rank representation and a particle filter for vehicle reversing safety.

A Vehicle Active Safety Model: Vehicle Speed Control Based on Driver Vigilance Detection Using Wearable EEG and Sparse Representation.

In this paper, we present a vehicle active safety model for vehicle speed control based on driver vigilance detection using low-cost, comfortable, wearable electroencephalographic (EEG) sensors and sparse representation. The proposed system consists of three main steps, namely wireless wearable EEG collection, driver vigilance detection, and vehicle speed control strategy. First of all, a homemade low-cost comfortable wearable brain-computer interface (BCI) system with eight channels is designed for collecting the driver's EEG signal.