Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors in the Rare Subtypes of Melanoma Therapy.

Melanoma occurs in various forms and body areas, not only in the cutis, but also in mucous membranes and the uvea. Rarer subtypes of that cancer differ in genomic aberrations, which cause their minor sensibility to regular cutaneous melanoma therapies. Therefore, it is essential to discover new strategies for treating rare forms of melanoma.

Unveiling the significance of peripheral nervous system glia: implications for nervous system disorders and therapeutic interventions.

Glial cells are indispensable components of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), exerting diverse regulatory functions crucial for neuronal health and function. From myelination and synaptic modulation to immune regulation, glia actively participates in maintaining PNS homeostasis and responding to pathological insults. Further elucidating the roles of glial cells in peripheral nerve disorders holds promise for developing targeted therapeutic interventions to alleviate symptoms and improve patient outcomes.

RhoA/ROCK Pathway Is Upregulated in Experimental Autoimmune Myocarditis and Is Inhibited by Simvastatin at the Stage of Myosin Light Chain Phosphorylation.

Many studies have proven the involvement of the RhoA/ROCK pathway in autoimmune and cardiovascular diseases and the beneficial effects of its downregulation. Here, we examined whether the effect of simvastatin on experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) may be through targeting the Ras homolog family member A/Rho-associated coiled-coil containing kinases (RhoA/ROCK) pathway and whether previously shown downregulation of metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) could be associated with MLC phosphorylation. Two doses of simvastatin were administered to experimental rats with autoimmune myocarditis by gastric gavage for 3 weeks, at the stage of development of the inflammatory process.

The role of cyclin Y in normal and pathological cells.

The family protein of cyclins, as well as cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) cooperating with them, are broadly researched, as a matter of their dysfunction may lead to tumor transformation. Cyclins are defined as key regulators that have a controlling function of the mammalian nuclear cell divides. Cyclin Y (CCNY) is a recently characterized member of the cyclin family and was first identified from the human testis cDNA library.

The Important Role of Endothelium and Extracellular Vesicles in the Cellular Mechanism of Aortic Aneurysm Formation.

Homeostasis is a fundamental property of biological systems consisting of the ability to maintain a dynamic balance of the environment of biochemical processes. The action of endogenous and exogenous factors can lead to internal balance disorder, which results in the activation of the immune system and the development of inflammatory response. Inflammation determines the disturbances in the structure of the vessel wall, connected with the change in their diameter.

Cyclin F Downregulation Affects Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Increasing Proliferation and Migration of the A-375 Melanoma Cell Line.

Background: Cyclins are well-known cell cycle regulators. The activation of cyclin-dependent kinases by cyclins allows orchestration of the complicated cell cycle machinery and drives the cell from the G1 phase to the end of the mitotic phase. In recent years, it has become evident that cyclins are involved in processes beyond the cell cycle.

Cyclin F is involved in response to cisplatin treatment in melanoma cell lines.

Cyclin F is a non‑canonical cyclin which is a part of the SKP1‑CUL1‑F‑box protein (SCF) E3 ubiquitin‑protein ligase complex. Cyclin F is responsible for target recognition, ubiquitination, and degradation of various molecular targets. This protein also controls genome stability through the degradation of ribonucleotide reductase subunit M2 (RRM2).

Expression of cyclin B1, D1 and K in non‑small cell lung cancer H1299 cells following treatment with sulforaphane.

Sulforaphane (SFN) was first isolated from broccoli sprout and it is present at high concentrations in plants belonging to the Cruciferae family. The chemotherapeutic and anti‑cancerogenic capacities of SFN have been demonstrated by inhibition of cancer cell proliferation in several cancer cell lines. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of SFN on apoptosis, cell cycle and expression of selected cell cycle‑associated proteins: Cyclin B1, cyclin D1 and cyclin K in the H1299 cell line.

Cytoskeletal reorganization and cell death in mitoxantrone-treated lung cancer cells.

The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic effect of mitoxantrone on two human non-small cell lung cancer cell lines, A549 (p53+) and H1299 (p53-). To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the impact of MXT on the organization of cytoskeletal proteins. Analyses were performed using fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy, spectrophotometric techniques, flow cytometry and Western blotting.

Activity of cyclin B1 in HL-60 cells treated with etoposide.

Cyclin B1 triggers G2/M phase transition phosphorylating with its catalytical partner - Cdc2 many of the molecular targets essential for cell cycle progression. Human leukemia cell line HL-60 were treated with increasing doses of etoposide (ETP) (0.5; 0.

The effect of sulforaphane on the cell cycle, apoptosis and expression of cyclin D1 and p21 in the A549 non-small cell lung cancer cell line.

Sulforaphane (SFN) is present in plants belonging to Cruciferae family and was first isolated from broccoli sprouts. Chemotherapeutic and anticarcinogenic properties of sulforaphane were demonstrated, however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study we evaluated the expression of cyclin D1 and p21 protein in SFN-treated A549 cells and correlated these results with the extent of cell death and/or cell cycle alterations, as well as determined a potential contribution of cyclin D1 to cell death.

Expression of cyclin A in A549 cell line after treatment with arsenic trioxide.

Background: Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is an effective drug used in acute promyelocytic leukemia (AML). Many reports suggest that ATO can also be applied as an anticancer agent for solid tumors in the future. The influence of arsenic trioxide on the expression of different cell cycle regulators is poorly recognized.

The influence of arsenic trioxide on the cell cycle, apoptosis and expression of cyclin D1 in the Jurkat cell line.

Cyclin D1 drives cell cycle progression at the G1/S transition and is believed to play a significant role in tumorigenesis, contributing to efficient proliferation of many cancer cells. Consequently, it is also recognized as an end-point biomarker of therapeutic outcome for different treatment modalities in cancer. In this study we aimed to evaluate the expression and localization of cyclin D1 in arsenic trioxide (ATO) treated Jurkat cells (lymphoblastic leukemia cell line) and to correlate these results with the extent of cell death and/or cell cycle alterations.

Expression of cyclin D1 after treatment with doxorubicin in the HL-60 cell line.

Increased levels of cyclin D1 and amplification of CCND1 gene occur in many types of cancers. We have followed the expression of cyclin D1 after treatment with doxorubicin with reference to cell death and other possible therapeutic implications. The effect of the treatment on the cell cycle, survival, intracellular level (flow cytometry), and intracellular localization of cyclin D1 (fluorescence microscopy) and expression of CCND1 (real-time RT-PCR) was investigated in HL-60 cells.

[Involvement of Rho proteins in G1 phase cell cycle progression].

 Rho proteins, including RhoA, Rac1 and Cdc42, are members of the Ras superfamily of monomeric GTP-binding proteins, which are well-known regulators of the cytoskeleton. Numerous studies have shown that an intact cytoskeleton is required for cell cycle progression through G1 phase as well as mitosis and cytokinesis. Because of their role in both cytoskeletal rearrangement and mitogenic signaling, Rho family proteins are key mediators of cell cycle progression.

Low-dose etoposide-treatment induces endoreplication and cell death accompanied by cytoskeletal alterations in A549 cells: Does the response involve senescence? The possible role of vimentin.

Background: Senescence in the population of cells is often described as a program of restricted proliferative capacity, which is manifested by broad morphological and biochemical changes including a metabolic shift towards an autophagic-like response and a genotoxic-stress related induction of polyploidy. Concomitantly, the cell cycle progression of a senescent cell is believed to be irreversibly arrested. Recent reports suggest that this phenomenon may have an influence on the therapeutic outcome of anticancer treatment.

Expression of cyclin A, B1 and D1 after induction of cell cycle arrest in the Jurkat cell line exposed to doxorubicin.

Jurkat human lymphoblastoid cells were incubated in increasing concentrations of doxorubicin (0.05, 0.1 and 0.

Phenethyl isothiocyanate-induced cytoskeletal changes and cell death in lung cancer cells.

Isothiocyanates are known for their anticarcinogenic and antitumor potential, however, the exact mechanism of their action has not been fully elucidated. The present study was designed to investigate and compare the effects of phenethyl isothiocyanate on cell morphology, the cytoskeleton and induction of cell death in human non-small cell lung cancer cell lines A549 and H1299 differing in p53 status. Cell viability tests (MTT assay, xCELLigence system) showed that PEITC exhibits lower cytotoxicity to A549 cells containing wild-type p53.

Expression of cyclin B1 after induction of senescence and cell death in non-small cell lung carcinoma A549 cells.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of mitotic cyclin B1 in the context of senescence and cell death in A549 non-small cell lung carcinoma cells. This was performed through analysis of the cell cycle, the percentage of SA-β-galactosidase-positive, as well as TUNEL-positive cells. Morphological alterations were studied using a transmission electron microscope.

[Cotinine--metabolism, application as a biomarker and the effects on the organism].

This review presents the current state of knowledge on cotinine, the major metabolite of nicotine. Special attention is paid to the formation of this compound in the organism, its metabolism, application in diagnostic procedures and evaluation of its in vitro and in vivo activities. For many years, cotinine has been used as a biomarker of exposure to tobacco smoke.

Effect of arsenic trioxide (Trisenox) on actin organization in K-562 erythroleukemia cells.

Actin is one of the cytoskeletal proteins that take part in many cellular processes. The aim of this study was to show the influence of Trisenox (arsenic trioxide), on the cytoplasmic and nuclear F-actin organization. Arsenic trioxide is the proapoptotic factor.

Immunoelectron microscopy in mycosis fungoides and benign dermatoses. Expression of CD3, CD4 and CD7 receptors.

Unlabelled: Mycosis fungoides is an epidermotropic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL).Specimens for presented study were taken from sixteen patients with MF confirmed by immunohistochemical methods and PCR and from nine patients with benign dermatoses. To demonstrate CD3, CD4 and CD7 antigens immunogold method was used.

The influence of cotinine on the non-small-cell lung cancer line A549.

The aim of this investigation was to determine the influence of cotinine on the non-small-cell lung cancer line A549. The material for the study was the A549 cell line. The cells were subjected to 24-h incubation with cotinine at doses of 18 and 36 ng/ml.

Expression of cyclin A in intestinal biopsies from children with celiac disease.

The aim of this study was to determine the expression of cyclin A and describe its distribution in biopsy samples taken from children with suspected and confirmed celiac disease as well as in control samples. Investigated material consisted of 37 intestinal biopsies: 19 taken from patients with confirmed celiac disease, 9 from patients with its suspicion and 9 from healthy patients, who served as control. Immunohistochemical and immunogold methods were used to estimate cyclin A expression.

[The Rho protein family and its role in the cellular cytoskeleton].

Proteins of the Rho protein family (RhoA, Rac1, Cdc42) work as molecular switches in the regulation of many cellular processes. They are involved in cell migration, cell-cycle control, apoptosis, and the regulation of gene transcription. Rho proteins show their activity mainly in the cell's cytoskeleton by taking part in the reorganization of microfilaments and microtubules.