Complete sequence and genomic annotation of carrot torradovirus 1.

Carrot torradovirus 1 (CaTV1) is a new member of the genus Torradovirus within the family Secoviridae. CaTV1 genome sequences were obtained from a previous next-generation sequencing (NGS) study and were compared to other members and tentative new members of the genus. The virus has a bipartite genome, and RACE was used to amplify and sequence each end of RNA1 and RNA2.

Transcriptome sequencing identifies novel persistent viruses in herbicide resistant wild-grasses.

Herbicide resistance in wild grasses is widespread in the UK, with non-target site resistance (NTSR) to multiple chemistries being particularly problematic in weed control. As a complex trait, NTSR is driven by complex evolutionary pressures and the growing awareness of the role of the phytobiome in plant abiotic stress tolerance, led us to sequence the transcriptomes of herbicide resistant and susceptible populations of black-grass and annual rye-grass for the presence of endophytes. Black-grass (Alopecurus myosuroides; Am) populations, displaying no overt disease symptoms, contained three previously undescribed viruses belonging to the Partititiviridae (AMPV1 and AMPV2) and Rhabdoviridae (AMVV1) families.

Detection and transmission of Carrot torrado virus, a novel putative member of the Torradovirus genus.

A new Torradovirus tentatively named Carrot torrado virus (CaTV) was an incidental finding following a next generation sequencing study investigating internal vascular necrosis in carrot. The closest related viruses are Lettuce necrotic leaf curl virus (LNLCV) found in the Netherlands in 2011 and Motherwort yellow mottle virus (MYMoV) found in Korea in 2014. Primers for reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) and RT-qPCR were designed with the aim of testing for the presence of virus in plant samples collected from the field.

Low-density lipoprotein receptor is a calcium/magnesium sensor - role of LR4 and LR5 ion interaction kinetics in low-density lipoprotein release in the endosome.

The low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) captures circulating lipoproteins and delivers them in the endosome for degradation. Its function is essential for cholesterol homeostasis, and mutations in the LDLR are the major cause of familiar hypercholesterolemia. The release of LDL is usually attributed to endosome acidification.