The toxicity of lead on human neuroblastoma cells was alleviated by HUC-MSC-derived exosomes through miR-26a-5p/PTEN pathway.

Lead is a ubiquitous environmental chemical with various toxic damage to human body. This investigation aimed to explore the intervention effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells derived exosomes (HUC-MSC-exo) on the neurotoxicity of lead and the relevant mechanism. Differential gradient ultracentrifugation was adopted to isolate HUC-MSC-exo.

HUC-MSC-derived exosomes repaired the damage induced by hydroquinone to 16HBE cells via miR-221/PTEN pathway.

Mesenchymal stem cell - originated exosomes (MSC-exo) are promising non-cellular treatment agents for various diseases. The present study aimed to explore whether human umbilical cord MSC - originated exosomes (HUC-MSC-exo) have the function of protecting human cells (16HBE) against the damage caused by HQ and the related mechanism. HUC-MSC-exo was isolated with differential gradient ultracentrifugation method and characterized by using transmission electron microscope (TEM).

Direct effects of barley yellow dwarf virus on the performance, parasitoid resistance, and feeding behavior of its vector Sitobion avenae (Hemiptera: Aphididae).

Background: The complex interaction between plant viruses and their insect vectors is the basis for the epidemiology of plant viruses. The 'Vector Manipulation Hypothesis' (VMH) was proposed to demonstrate the evolution of strategies in plant viruses to enhance their transmission to new hosts through direct effects on insect vector behavior and/or physiology. However, the aphid vectors used in previous studies were mostly obtained by feeding on virus-infected plants and as a result, it was difficult to eliminate the confounding effects of infected host plants.

MCF-7 cell - derived exosomes were involved in protecting source cells from the damage caused by tributyltin chloride via transport function.

Tributyltin chloride (TBTC) is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant with various adverse effects on human health. Exosomes are cell - derived signaling and substance transport vesicles. This investigation aimed to explore whether exosomes could impact the toxic effects caused by TBTC via their transport function.

miR-584-5p / Ykt6 - mediated autophagy - lysosome - exosome pathway as a critical route affecting the toxic effects of lead on HK-2 cells.

Lead is a widespread environmental pollutant with serious adverse effects on human health, but the mechanism underlying its toxicity remains elusive. This study aimed to investigate the role of miR-584-5p / Ykt6 axis in the toxic effect of lead on HK-2 cells and the related mechanism. Our data suggested that lead exposure caused significant cytotoxicity, DNA and chromosome damage to HK-2 cells.

mTORC1 - TFEB pathway was involved in sodium arsenite induced lysosomal alteration, oxidative stress and genetic damage in BEAS-2B cells.

The mechanistic target of rapamycin (RAPA) complex 1 (mTORC1) - transcription factor EB (TFEB) pathway plays a crucial role in response to nutritional status, energy and environmental stress for maintaining cellular homeostasis. But there is few reports on its role in the toxic effects of arsenic exposure and the related mechanisms. Here, we show that the exposure of bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) to sodium arsenite promoted the activation of mTORC1 (p-mTORC1) and the inactivation of TFEB (p-TFEB), the number and activity of lysosomes decreased, the content of reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) decreased, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) increased, the DNA and chromosome damage elevated.

Image detection model construction of Apolygus lucorum and Empoasca spp. based on improved YOLOv5.

Background: The polyphagous mirid bug Apolygus lucorum (Meyer-Dür) and the green leafhopper Empoasca spp. Walsh are small pests that are widely distributed and important pests of many economically important crops, especially kiwis. Conventional monitoring methods are expensive, laborious and error-prone.

Lysosome-related exosome secretion mediated by miR-26b / Rab31 pathway was associated with the proliferation and migration of MCF-7 cells treated with BPA.

Bisphenol A (BPA), one of the typical environmental endocrine disruptors (EEDs), can promote the proliferation and migration of cancer cells, but the mechanism of which remains largely unclear. Exosome secretion plays an important role in the stress response of cells to environmental stimuli. This study was designed to explore whether exosome secretion was involved in the toxic effect of BPA on the proliferation and migration of MCF-7 cells, and the related mechanism.

Fall Armyworm Gut Bacterial Diversity Associated with Different Developmental Stages, Environmental Habitats, and Diets.

The fall armyworm, (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a major invasive pest that seriously threatens world agricultural production and food security. Microorganisms play a crucial role in the growth and development of insects. However, the diversity and dynamics of gut microbes with different developmental stages, environmental habitats, and diets in remain unclear.

Assessment of Non-Consumptive Predation Risk of (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on the Population Growth of (Hemiptera: Aphididae).

How the non-consumptive effects (NCEs) of predators influence the development, survival, fecundity, and population growth of prey has not been well documented, which is the primary consideration for the compatibility of prey with its natural enemies in agricultural ecosystems. We herein employed the age-stage, two-sex life table to examine the NCEs of the predator on the life-history traits and population growth of prey via caged predator (prey co-existing with caged predator) and caged prey (predator co-existing with caged prey) treatments with daily different exposure times (i.e.

Multi-generational Effects of Different Resistant Wheat Varieties on Fitness of Sitobion avenae (Hemiptera: Aphididae).

Crop resistance plays a role in preventing aphid damage, benefiting food production industries, but its effects are limited due to aphid adaptation and phenotypic plasticity. Therefore, furthering understanding of aphid-crop interactions will improve our ability to protect crops from aphids. To determine how aphids adapt to resistant varieties of wheat, Triticum aestivum L.

Transcriptome response comparison between vector and non-vector aphids after feeding on virus-infected wheat plants.

Background: Plant viruses maintain intricate interactions with their vector and non-vector insects and can impact the fitness of insects. However, the details of their molecular and cellular mechanisms have not been studied well. We compared the transcriptome-level responses in vector and non-vector aphids (Schizaphis graminum and Rhopalosiphum padi, respectively) after feeding on wheat plants with viral infections (Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus (BYDV) and Wheat dwarf virus (WDV), respectively).

Generalized population dynamics model of aphids in wheat based on catastrophe theory.

Wheat aphids are major wheat sap sucking pests found throughout the world. The analysis of wheat aphid population dynamics to develop aphid control strategies is therefore important. Even if all factors that control the size of aphid populations are known, several mathematical tools are needed to help us understand their combined effect.

Exosomal secretion may be a self-protective mechanism of its source cells under environmental stress: A study on human bronchial epithelial cells treated with hydroquinone.

Accumulating evidence reveals that exosome plays an important role in cell-to-cell communication in both physiological and pathological processes by transferring bioactive molecules. However, the role of exosomal secretion in the adaption of its source cells to the stimuli of environmental chemicals remains elusive. In this study, we revealed that the exposure of hydroquinone (HQ; the main bioactive metabolite of benzene) to human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE) resulted in decreased ability of cell proliferation and migration, and simultaneously DNA damage and micronuclei formation.

Previous Aphid Infestation Induces Different Expression Profiles of Genes Associated with Hormone-Dependent Responses in Near-Isogenic Winter Wheat Lines.

Hormone-dependent responses in host plants induced by herbivore infestation have species-specific effects. This study focused on determining the relative expression profiles of the genes associated with hormone-dependent pathways in two near-isogenic wheat lines when attacked by cereal aphids. Infestation with Rhopalosiphum padi Linnaeus (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and/or Sitobion avenae Fabricius (Hemiptera: Aphididae) significantly upregulated the expression of marker genes related to the salicylic acid (SA)- and jasmonic acid (JA)-dependent pathways in the tested lines.

Exosomes derived from normal human bronchial epithelial cells down-regulate proliferation and migration of hydroquinone-transformed malignant recipient cells via up-regulating PTEN expression.

The gene encoding the tumor suppressor, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), located on chromosome 10, is frequently expressed at low levels in various tumors, resulting in the stimulation of cell proliferation and migration. However, the role of exosomal PTEN in cell-cell communication during the progress of benzene-induced carcinogenesis remains unclear. The goal of this study was to explore whether exosomes derived from normal human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE) could transmit PTEN to hydroquinone-transformed malignant recipient cells (16HBE-t) and its possible effects on cell proliferation and migration.

Exosomal miR-221 derived from hydroquinone-transformed malignant human bronchial epithelial cells is involved in cell viability of recipient cells.

miR-221, an oncogenic microRNA, can promote cell proliferation and is highly expressed in various types of tumors. However, the role of exosomal miR-221 in benzene-caused carcinogenesis remains elusive. Our study was designed to investigate whether exosomes secreted by the hydroquinone (HQ; an active metabolite of benzene)-transformed malignant cells can transmit miR-221 to normal recipient cells and its possible effects on cell viability.

Virus-Dependent and -Independent Responses of Sitobion avenae (Homoptera: Aphididae) Feeding on Wheat Infected by Transmitted and Nontransmitted Viruses at Transcriptomic Level.

Most plant viruses maintain complex interactions with their vector or nonvector insects and can indirectly (via host plants) or directly affect the fitness of insects. However, little is known about the genes involved in the interactions between insects and transmitted or nontransmitted viruses, particularly nontransmitted viruses. Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) is a vector of barley yellow dwarf virus GAV strains (BYDV-GAV), but not a vector of wheat dwarf virus (WDV), which is transmitted by the leafhopper [Psammotettix alienus (Dahlbom)].

miR-222/GAS5 is involved in DNA damage and cytotoxic effects induced by temozolomide in T98G cell line.

Temozolomide (TMZ), a therapeutic DNA alkylator that can cause lethal DNA damage in cancer cells, is widely used for the standard chemotherapy against glioblastoma. However, long-term treatment with TMZ often causes drug resistance and poor prognosis, the mechanism of which remains largely unclear. This study aimed to investigate the possible role of miR-222/GAS5 axis on DNA damage and cytotoxic effects induced by TMZ in glioblastoma cells (T98G).

High-voltage electrostatic field-induced oxidative stress: Characterization of the physiological effects in Sitobion avenae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) across multiple generations.

In recent decades, man-made electric fields have greatly increased the intensity of electrostatic fields that are pervasively present in the environment. To better understand the physiological alterations exhibited by herbivorous insects in response to changing electric environments, we determined the activities of anti-oxidative enzymes and the metabolic rate of Sitobion avenae Fabricius (Hemiptera: Aphididae) over multiple generations in response to direct and host-seed exposure to a high-voltage electrostatic field (HVEF) of varying strength for different durations. Under controlled greenhouse conditions, 20-min direct exposure of S.

Ecological impact of a secondary bacterial symbiont on the clones of Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Aphididae).

Many insects harbor heritable endosymbionts, whether obligatory or facultative, and the role of facultative endosymbionts in shaping the phenotype of these species has become increasingly important. However, little is known about whether micro-injected endosymbionts can have any effects on aphid clones, which was measured using various ecological parameters. We examined the effects between symbiotic treatments and the vital life history traits generated by Regiella insecticola on the life table parameters of Sitobion avenae.

Resistance of Wheat Accessions to the English Grain Aphid Sitobion avenae.

The English grain aphid, Sitobion avenae, is a major pest species of wheat crops; however, certain varieties may have stronger resistance to infestation than others. Here, we investigated 3 classical resistance mechanisms (antixenosis, antibiosis, and tolerance) by 14 wheat varieties/lines to S. avenae under laboratory and field conditions.

Temperature-Mediated Effects of Host Alternation on the Adaptation of Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae).

Local adaptation, an important phenomenon in ecological speciation, occurs in Myzus persicae (Sulzer), with the tobacco-adapted line proposed as a subspecies. Recent studies showed that temperature could alter the selection strength and direction in host-herbivore interactions. To understand the formation of host-adapted speciation and the effects of temperature on host adaptation, the parthenogenetic progeny of an M.

Effects of zinc on CarE activities and its gene transcript level in the English grain aphid, Sitobion avenae.

As a selective stress, heavy metals play an important role in inducing the adaptive adjustments of insects to changing environments. Carboxylesterase (CarE) is one kind of biomarker that could help us to explore the adaptation mechanism of aphids to heavy metal stress. In this study, CarE activity and gene expression level were investigated in English grain aphids, Sitobion avenae (F.

Comparison of the potential rate of population increase of brown and green color morphs of Sitobion avenae (Homoptera: Aphididae) on barley infected and uninfected with Barley yellow dwarf virus.

Life tables of brown and green color morphs of the English grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) reared on barley under laboratory conditions at 20 ± 1°C, 65% ± 5% relative humidity and a photoperiod of 16 : 8 h (L : D) were compared. The plants were either: (i) infected with the Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV); (ii) not infected with virus but previously infested with aphids; or (iii) healthy barley plants, which were not previously infested with aphids. Generally, both color morphs of S.