Assessing Visual Pathway White Matter Degeneration in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Using Multiple MRI Morphology and Diffusion Metrics.

Background: Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), a leading cause of irreversible blindness, is associated with neurodegeneration in the visual pathway, but the underlying pathophysiology remains incompletely resolved.

Purpose: To characterize macro- and microstructural white matter abnormalities in optic tract (OT) and optic radiation (OR) of POAG.

Study Type: Prospective.

Magnetic resonance imaging based on radiomics for differentiating T1-category nasopharyngeal carcinoma from nasopharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia: a multicenter study.

Purpose: To investigate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based on radiomics using T2-weighted imaging fat suppression (T2WI-FS) and contrast enhanced T1-weighted imaging (CE-T1WI) sequences in differentiating T1-category nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) from nasopharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia (NPH).

Materials And Methods: This study enrolled 614 patients (training dataset: n = 390, internal validation dataset: n = 98, and external validation dataset: n = 126) of T1-category NPC and NPH. Three feature selection methods were used, including analysis of variance, recursive feature elimination, and relief.

Abnormal Topological Organization of White Matter Structural Networks in Normal Tension Glaucoma Revealed via Diffusion Tensor Tractography.

Background: Normal tension glaucoma (NTG) is considered a neurodegenerative disease with glaucomatous damage extending to diffuse brain areas. Therefore, this study aims to explore the abnormalities in the NTG structural network to help in the early diagnosis and course evaluation of NTG.

Methods: The structural networks of 46 NTG patients and 19 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were constructed using diffusion tensor imaging, followed by graph theory analysis and correlation analysis of small-world properties with glaucoma clinical indicators.

Pretreatment dual-energy CT for predicting early response to induction chemotherapy and survival in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Objectives: To evaluate the predictive performance of pretreatment dual-energy CT (DECT) for early response to induction chemotherapy and survival in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

Methods: In this retrospective study, 56 NPC patients who underwent pretreatment DECT scans with posttreatment follow-up were enrolled. The DECT-derived normalised iodine concentration (nIC), effective atomic number (Zeff), 40-180 keV (20 keV interval), and Mix-0.

Dual-energy CT for the detection of skull base invasion in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: comparison of simulated single-energy CT and MRI.

Background: Skull base invasion in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) was shown to be a poor negative prognostic factor, and dual-energy CT (DECT) has heralded a new approach to detect this condition. The study aims to evaluate the value of DECT for detection of skull base invasion in NPC and compare the diagnostic performance of DECT with those of simulated single-energy CT (SECT) and MRI.

Methods: The imaging findings of 50 NPC patients and 31 participants in control group which underwent DECT examinations were assessed in this retrospective study.

The alterations of brain network degree centrality in patients with neovascular glaucoma: a resting-state fMRI study.

Purpose: To explore the alterations of whole brain functional network using the degree centrality (DC) analysis in neovascular glaucoma (NVG) and the correlation between DC values and NVG clinical indices.

Materials And Methods: Twenty NVG patients and twenty normal controls (NC), closely matched in age, sex, and education, were recruited for this study. All subjects underwent comprehensive ophthalmologic examinations and a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) scan.

Metabolic alterations in the visual pathway of retinitis pigmentosa rats: A longitudinal multimodal magnetic resonance imaging study with histopathological validation.

Because retinitis pigmentosa (RP) has been shown to cause degenerative changes in the entire visual pathway, there is an urgent need to perform longitudinal assessments of RP-induced degeneration and identify imaging protocols to detect this degeneration as early as possible. In this study, we assessed a transgenic rat model of RP by using complementary noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging techniques, namely, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( H-MRS), to investigate the metabolic changes in RP. Our study demonstrated decreased concentrations and ratios to creatine (Cr) of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), glutamate (Glu), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and taurine (Tau), whereas myo-inositol (Ins) and choline (Cho) were increased in the visual cortex of Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rats compared with control rats (p < 0.

Extramedullary Plasmacytoma of the Sinonasal Cavity: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Characteristics With Readout-Segmented Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and Dual-Energy Computed Tomography Features.

Purpose: To determine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with readout-segmented diffusion-weighted imaging (RESOLVE-DWI) and dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) features of sinonasal extramedullary plasmacytoma (SN-EMP).

Methods: The MRI and/or DECT of 10 patients with SN-EMP confirmed by pathology were retrospectively reviewed. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of RESOLVE-DWI were analyzed in 9 patients.

Magnetic resonance imaging investigations reveal that PM exposure triggers visual dysfunction in mice.

Objectives: To investigate how PM exposure affects the microstructure, metabolites or functions of the visual system.

Methods: C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to groups exposed to the filtered air (the control group) or the concentrated ambient PM (the PM group). Visual evoked potentials (VEP), electroretinograms (ERG), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-MRS) and resting-state functional MRI (rsfMRI) were performed.

BLADE turbo gradient- and spin-echo in the assessment of sinonasal lesions: a comprehensive comparison of image quality in readout-segmented echo-planar imaging.

Background: A two-dimensional turbo gradient-echo and spin-echo diffusion-weighted pulse sequence with a non-Cartesian BLADE trajectory (TGSE BLADE) can eliminate image artifacts and distortion with clinically acceptable scan times. This process has the potential to overcome the shortcomings of current diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) techniques, especially in the sinonasal region.

Purpose: To investigate the feasibility of TGSE BLADE in the assessment of sinonasal lesions and compare the quality of TGSE BLADE with RESOLVE images both qualitatively and quantitatively.

Dual-energy CT in differentiating benign sinonasal lesions from malignant ones: comparison with simulated single-energy CT, conventional MRI, and DWI.

Objectives: To explore the value of dual-energy CT (DECT) for differentiating benign sinonasal lesions from malignant ones, and to compare this finding with simulated single-energy CT (SECT), conventional MRI (cMRI), and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI).

Methods: Patients with sinonasal lesions (38 benign and 34 malignant) who were confirmed by histopathology underwent DECT, cMRI, and DWI. DECT-derived parameters (iodine concentration (IC), effective atomic number (Eff-Z), 40-180 keV (20-keV interval), virtual non-enhancement (VNC), slope (k), and linear-mixed 0.

Dual-energy CT in predicting Ki-67 expression in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Purpose: To investigate whether multiple dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) parameters can noninvasively predict the Ki-67 expression (associated with survival and prognosis) in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC).

Methods: Eighty-eight patients with histologically proven LSCC were retrospectively reviewed. Multiple DECT-derived parameters were measured and correlated with Ki-67 expression by Spearman correlation analysis.

Altered spontaneous neuronal activity and functional connectivity pattern in primary angle-closure glaucoma: a resting-state fMRI study.

Purpose: To explore the alterations of spontaneous neuronal activity and functional connectivity pattern using fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) and functional connectivity (FC) in patients with primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) and fALFF relationship with the glaucoma clinical indices.

Materials And Methods: Forty-two PACG patients and 21 normal controls were enrolled in this study. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was firstly analyzed by fALFF and brain regions with altered fALFF between groups were selected as seeds for the further FC analysis.

Dual-energy CT in the differentiation of stage T1 nasopharyngeal carcinoma and lymphoid hyperplasia.

Purpose: To explore the value of dual-energy CT for the differentiation between stage T1 nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and lymphoid hyperplasia (LH).

Method: Patients with histopathological proven nasopharyngeal lesions (stage T1 NPCs, n = 30; LHs, n = 47) who underwent dual-energy CT were enrolled in this retrospective study. Quantitative parameters derived from dual-energy CT were measured.

Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging and Intravoxel Incoherent Motion in Differentiating Nasal Malignancies.

Objectives/hypothesis: To evaluate the usefulness of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) and intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) in the differentiation of sinonasal malignant tumors (SNMTs) with different histological types.

Study Design: Retrospective observational and diagnostic study.

Methods: Sixty-five patients with SNMTs who underwent DKI and IVIM were enrolled in this retrospective study, including 27 squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), 13 olfactory neuroblastomas (ONBs), 14 malignant melanomas (MMs) and 11 lymphomas.

Whole-tumor histogram analysis of monoexponential and advanced diffusion-weighted imaging for sinonasal malignant tumors: Correlations with histopathologic features.

Background: The histopathological basis of monoexponential diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM), and diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) in the characterization of sinonasal malignant tumors is still unclear.

Purpose: To explore the correlations of histogram metrics from monoexponential DWI, IVIM, and DKI with histopathologic features in sinonasal malignant tumors.

Study Type: Retrospective.

Differentiation between sinonasal natural killer/T-cell lymphomas and diffuse large B-cell lymphomas by RESOLVE DWI combined with conventional MRI.

Objective: To explore the feasibility of using RESOLVE DWI combined with conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to discriminate between sinonasal NKTLs and DLBCLs and to investigate the correlation between ADC value and Ki-67 expression in the two subtypes of NHLs.

Materials And Methods: Sixty patients with NKTLs and twenty-six patients with DLBCLs in the sinonasal region who were confirmed by histopathology underwent high-resolution DWI and conventional MRI. The apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) and conventional MRI features associated with NKTLs and DLBCLs were compared using multivariate logistic regression.

Metabolic Alterations Within the Primary Visual Cortex in Early Open-angle Glaucoma Patients: A Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study.

Purpose: To detect changes in metabolites and explore cortical plasticity at the metabolic level within the primary visual cortex through proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in early open-angle glaucoma (OAG) patients.

Methods: A total of 23 symmetrically bilateral early OAG patients and 21 normal controls (NC) were recruited as the early OAG group and NC group, respectively. All subjects underwent a proton magnetic resonance examination, and then, the N-acetylaspartate (NAA), glutamine-glutamate (Glx), myo-inositol (Ins), choline (Cho), and creatine (Cr) concentrations within the bilateral primary visual cortex were determined.

White Matter Abnormalities and Correlation With Severity in Normal Tension Glaucoma: A Whole Brain Atlas-Based Diffusion Tensor Study.

Purpose: To detect injury of whole brain white matter (WM) in normal tension glaucoma (NTG) patients by using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and to analyze the correlations between DTI parameters and glaucoma indices.

Methods: Twenty mild, 17 moderate, and 18 severe NTG patients as well as 25 normal subjects were enrolled in this study. Atlas-based diffusion tensor analysis was performed to measure the fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD).

Standard diffusion-weighted, diffusion kurtosis and intravoxel incoherent motion MR imaging of sinonasal malignancies: correlations with Ki-67 proliferation status.

Objectives: To explore the correlations of parameters derived from standard diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) and intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) with the Ki-67 proliferation status.

Methods: Seventy-five patients with histologically proven sinonasal malignancies who underwent standard DWI, DKI and IVIM were retrospectively reviewed. The mean, minimum, maximum and whole standard DWI [apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)], DKI [diffusion kurtosis (K) and diffusion coefficient (Dk)] and IVIM [pure diffusion coefficient (D), pseudo-diffusion coefficient (D*) and perfusion fraction (f)] parameters were measured and correlated with the Ki-67 labelling index (LI).

Differentiating between benign and malignant sinonasal lesions using dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and intravoxel incoherent motion.

Purpose: To explore the value of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) and intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) for distinguishing between benign and malignant sinonasal lesions and investigate the correlations between the two methods.

Methods And Materials: Patients with sinonasal lesions (42 benign and 31 malignant) who underwent DCE-MRI and IVIM before confirmation by histopathology were enrolled in this prospective study. Parameters derived from DCE-MRI and IVIM were measured, the optimal cut-off values for differential diagnosis were determined, and the correlations between the two methods were evaluated.

Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging combined with electrophysiology in the evaluation of visual pathway in experimental rat models with monocular blindness.

Purpose: Our study aimed to explore the feasibility of manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) combined with visual evoked potentials (VEP) and auditory evoked visual cortex responses (AVR) in evaluating for the establishment of visual/auditory compensatory pathways after monocular blindness.

Materials And Methods: A total of 14 healthy neonatal male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups (= 7 for Groups A and B). Right optic nerve (ON) transection was performed on the 7 rats of Group A to obtain a monocularly blind model, and the 7 rats of Group B were chosen as the control group.