Self-Powered Galvanic Vibration Sensor.

The development of the IoT demands small, durable, remote sensing systems that have energy harvesters and storage. Various energy harvesters are developed, including piezoelectric, triboelectric, electromagnetic, and reverse-electrowetting-on-dielectric. However, integrating energy storage and sensing functionality receives little attention.

Tailoring intermolecular interactions to develop a low-temperature electrolyte system consisting of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide and organic solvents.

Ionic liquids (ILs) exhibit remarkable properties and great tunability, which make them an attractive class of electrolyte materials for a variety of electrochemical applications. However, despite the promising progress for operating conditions at high temperatures, the development of their low-temperature viability as electrolytes is still limited due to the constrains from thermal and ion transport issues with a drastic decrease in temperature. In this study, we present a liquid electrolyte system based on a mixture of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide ([BMIM][I]), γ-butyrolactone (GBL), propylene carbonate (PC), and lithium iodide (LiI) and utilize its molecular interactions to tailor its properties for extremely low-temperature sensing applications.

A Dual Ionic Liquid-Based Low-Temperature Electrolyte System.

Ionic liquids (ILs) show a promising future as electrolytes in electrochemical devices. In particular, IL-based electrolytes bring operations at extreme temperatures to realization that conventional electrolytes fail to accomplish. Although IL electrolytes demonstrate considerable progress in high-temperature applications, their breakthroughs in devices operating at low temperatures are still very limited due to undesirable phase transitions and unsatisfying transport properties.

A liquid-liquid transition in supercooled aqueous solution related to the HDA-LDA transition.

Simulations and theory suggest that the thermodynamic anomalies of water may be related to a phase transition between two supercooled liquid states, but so far this phase transition has not been observed experimentally because of preemptive ice crystallization. We used calorimetry, infrared spectroscopy, and molecular dynamics simulations to investigate a water-rich hydrazinium trifluoroacetate solution in which the local hydrogen bond structure surrounding a water molecule resembles that in neat water at elevated pressure, but which does not crystallize upon cooling. Instead, this solution underwent a sharp, reversible phase transition between two homogeneous liquid states.

Apparent First-Order Liquid-Liquid Transition with Pre-transition Density Anomaly, in Water-Rich Ideal Solutions.

The striking increases in response functions observed during supercooling of pure water have been the source of much interest and controversy. Imminent divergences of compressibility etc. unfortunately cannot be confirmed due to pre-emption by ice crystallization.

"Ideal glassformers" vs "ideal glasses": studies of crystal-free routes to the glassy state by "potential tuning" molecular dynamics, and laboratory calorimetry.

The ability of some liquids to vitrify during supercooling is usually seen as a consequence of the rates of crystal nucleation (and∕or crystal growth) becoming small [D. R. Uhlmann, J.

Fluctuations, clusters, and phase transitions in liquids, solutions, and glasses: from metastable water to phase change memory materials.

We revisit the relations between clustering, fluctuations and thermodynamics for a range of clustering and disordering phenomena in liquids, seeking commonalities and links to phenomena reported at this meeting.

Ionic liquids: past, present and future.

An overview of the field of low-melting ionic liquids is given from its inception in 1886 through to the present time. The subject is divided into an introductory section that summarizes the early history of the field, and differentiates its subsections, before addressing matters judged of some interest in "pre-surge" and "post-surge" stages of its development, focusing on physicochemical as opposed to the prolific synthetic and industrial aspects in which the author has no competence. We give a final section specifically to protic ionic liquids, which we consider to have particular scientific potential.

Protic ionic liquids based on decahydroisoquinoline: lost superfragility and ionicity-fragility correlation.

Physicochemical properties, ionicity, and fragility for protic ionic liquids (PILs) based on the protonation of the extremely fragile molecular liquid decahydroisoquinoline (DHiQ) by various Brønsted acids have been studied. The ionicity was evaluated using the Walden plot diagnostic, while the m-fragility (slope of T(g)-scaled Arrhenius plot at T(g)) was quantitatively measured by the Moynihan-Wang-Velikov variable scan rate, differential scanning calorimetry, method. DHiQ-derived PILs prove to cover the whole range of IL ionicities from poor IL to good IL, and even superionic, assessed from the Walden plot, depending on the choice of Brønsted acid.

High conductivity, and "dry" proton motion, in guanidinium salt melts and binary solutions.

Salts of the small symmetrical guanidinium cation, which are important protein denaturants in biophysical chemistry, are studied in the ionic liquid state for the first time. Their conductivities prove to be among the highest measured, and their liquid fragilities prove exceptional. We link these features to the large number of exchangeable protons per cation.

Glass transition and fragility in the simple molecular glassformer CS(2) from CS(2)-S(2)Cl(2) solution studies.

With an interest in finding the fragility for a simple, single component, molecular glassformer, we have determined the dielectric relaxation and glass transition behavior for a series of glasses in the CS(2)-S(2)Cl(2) and CS(2)-toluene systems. Crystallization of CS(2) can be completely avoided down to the composition 20 mol% second component, and the fragility proves almost independent of CS(2) content in each system. Since the glass temperature T(g) obtained from both thermal studies and from dielectric relaxation (using T(g,diel)=T(tau=100 s)) is quite linear over the whole composition range in each system, and since relaxation time data for pure CS(2) fall on the same master plot when scaled by the linearly extrapolated T(g) value, we deduce that pure CS(2) has the same high fragility as the binary solutions.