Pembrolizumab versus sintilimab in patients with advanced NSCLC: a retrospective multicenter study with propensity-score matching analysis.

Background: Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitors are commonly used worldwide for the management of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, it remains unclear whether pembrolizumab and sintilimab, two of the most widely used PD-1 inhibitors in China, have significantly different effects on patients with NSCLC. A multicenter retrospective cohort study was designed and implemented using propensity-score matching (PSM) analysis to compare the effectiveness and safety profiles of pembrolizumab and sintilimab in patients with advanced NSCLC undergoing comprehensive therapy.

A proteogenomic analysis of cervical cancer reveals therapeutic and biological insights.

Although the incidence of cervical cancer (CC) has been reduced in high-income countries due to human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and screening strategies, it remains a significant public health issue that poses a threat to women's health in low-income countries. Here, we perform a comprehensive proteogenomic profiling of CC tumors obtained from 139 Chinese women. Integrated proteogenomic analysis links genetic aberrations to downstream pathogenesis-related pathways and reveals the landscape of HPV-associated multi-omic changes.

VCPIP1 negatively regulates NF-κB signaling pathways by deubiquitinating and stabilizing Erbin in MDP-stimulated macrophages.

Macrophages are present in all tissues and body compartments under homeostatic physiological conditions. Importantly, they play a key role in pathological inflammatory processes when disturbed. They can quickly produce large amounts of inflammatory cytokines in response to danger signals.

Molecular mechanism and application of emerging technologies in study of bacterial persisters.

Since the discovery of antibiotics, they have served as a potent weapon against bacterial infections; however, natural evolution has allowed bacteria to adapt and develop coping mechanisms, ultimately leading to the concerning escalation of multidrug resistance. Bacterial persisters are a subpopulation that can survive briefly under high concentrations of antibiotic treatment and resume growth after lethal stress. Importantly, bacterial persisters are thought to be a significant cause of ineffective antibiotic therapy and recurrent infections in clinical practice and are thought to contribute to the development of antibiotic resistance.

Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-Dependent Inflammation Upregulates High Mobility Group Box 1 To Induce Tumor Promotion and Anti-Programmed Cell Death Protein-1 Immunotherapy Resistance in Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Tumor-associated chronic lung inflammation depends on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α to activate several cytokines as part of an inflammatory loop, which plays a critical role in tumor progression in lung adenocarcinoma. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a cytokine that mediates inflammation. Whether TNF-α-induced inflammation regulates HMGB1 to contribute to tumor progression and promotion in lung adenocarcinoma remains unclear.

Phase II study of enlonstobart (SG001), a novel PD-1 inhibitor in patients with PD-L1 positive recurrent/metastatic cervical cancer.

Background: Platinum-based chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab is the first-line treatment for patients with recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer (r/mCC), and the treatment options are limited for r/mCC after first-line treatment. Enlonstobart (SG001) is a fully humanized and high-affinity anti-PD-1 immunoglobulin G4 monoclonal antibody. Previous phase Ib study demonstrated that SG001 had a promising efficacy in patients with PD-L1 positive r/mCC.

Post‑recovery symptoms of infected cases after Omicron pandemic: a quick online cross-sectional study based on C19-YRSm in China.

Background: The post COVID-19 health condition of Chinese residents infected with Omicron is not clear after the change of epidemic prevention policies. This study aimed to clarify the epidemiology and associated factors about health status of rehabilitation patients.

Methods: A quick questionnaire study based on C19-YRSm was conducted in mainland China through internet from May 1, 2023, to May 7, 2023.

Erbin alleviates sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy by inhibiting RIPK1-dependent necroptosis through activating PKA/CREB pathway.

Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory disease that can cause multiple organ damage. Septic patients with cardiac dysfunction have a significantly higher mortality. Based on the results of bioinformatics analysis, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), we found that Erbin is vital in cardiomyocyte.

Bacterial membrane vesicles from swine farm microbial communities harboring and safeguarding diverse functional genes promoting horizontal gene transfer.

Antibiotic resistance (AMR) poses a significant global health challenge, with swine farms recognized as major reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Recently, bacterial membrane vesicles (BMVs) have emerged as novel carriers mediating horizontal gene transfer. However, little is known about the ARGs carried by BMVs in swine farm environments and their transfer potential.

The ratio of PKM1/PKM2 is the key factor affecting the glucose metabolism and biological function of colorectal cancer cells.

Background: Despite evidence suggesting a significant role of pyruvate kinase muscle isozyme (PKM) in cancer development, its particular function in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the specific role and mechanism of PKM and its isoforms, PKM1 and PKM2, in the progression of CRC.

Methods: We analyzed PKM, PKM1, and PKM2 expression in CRC tissues and their correlation with clinicopathological features.

Mendelian randomization analysis reveals causal associations of serum metabolites with sepsis and 28-day mortality.

Metabolic disorder has been found to be an important factor in the pathogenesis and progression of sepsis. However, the causation of such an association between serum metabolites and sepsis has not been established. We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study.

Tackling Antibiotic Resistance: Exploring 5-Fluorouracil as a Promising Antimicrobial Strategy for the Treatment of Infection.

() is a zoonotic pathogen with a global distribution, which causes serious diseases in both humans and animals and economic losses in the swine industry. As antibiotic resistance increases, there is an urgent imperative to explore novel antibacterial alternatives. In the present study, we selected the anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a candidate drug to treat infections.

Polyphenol supplementation boosts aerobic endurance in athletes: systematic review.

In recent years, an increasing trend has been observed in the consumption of specific polyphenols, such as flavonoids and phenolic acids, derived from green tea, berries, and other similar sources. These compounds are believed to alleviate oxidative stress and inflammation resulting from exercise, potentially enhancing athletic performance. This systematic review critically examines the role of polyphenol supplementation in improving aerobic endurance among athletes and individuals with regular exercise habits.

Multimodal cell atlas of the ageing human skeletal muscle.

Muscle atrophy and functional decline (sarcopenia) are common manifestations of frailty and are critical contributors to morbidity and mortality in older people. Deciphering the molecular mechanisms underlying sarcopenia has major implications for understanding human ageing. Yet, progress has been slow, partly due to the difficulties of characterizing skeletal muscle niche heterogeneity (whereby myofibres are the most abundant) and obtaining well-characterized human samples.

Berberine alleviates neuroinflammation by downregulating NFκB/LCN2 pathway in sepsis-associated encephalopathy: network pharmacology, bioinformatics, and experimental validation.

Background: Sepsis refers to a systemic inflammatory response caused by infection, involving multiple organs. Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE), as one of the most common complications in patients with severe sepsis, refers to the diffuse brain dysfunction caused by sepsis without central nervous system infection. However, there is no clear diagnostic criteria and lack of specific diagnostic markers.

Upregulation of HLA-II related to LAG-3CD4 T cell infiltration is associated with patient outcome in human glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant diffuse glioma of the brain. Although immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as programmed cell death protein (PD)-1/PD ligand-1 inhibitors, has revolutionized the treatment of several cancers, the clinical benefit in GBM patients has been limited. Lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3) binding to human leukocyte antigen-II (HLA-II) plays an essential role in triggering CD4 T cell exhaustion and could interfere with the efficiency of anti-PD-1 treatment; however, the value of LAG-3-HLA-II interactions in ICI immunotherapy for GBM patients has not yet been analyzed.

Cooperation of quorum sensing and central carbon metabolism in the pathogenesis of Gram-positive bacteria.

Quorum sensing (QS), an integral component of bacterial communication, is essential in coordinating the collective response of diverse bacterial pathogens. Central carbon metabolism (CCM), serving as the primary metabolic hub for substances such as sugars, lipids, and amino acids, plays a crucial role in the life cycle of bacteria. Pathogenic bacteria often utilize CCM to regulate population metabolism and enhance the synthesis of specific cellular structures, thereby facilitating in adaptation to the host microecological environment and expediting infection.

Targeting metabolic reprogramming promotes the efficacy of transarterial chemoembolization in the rabbit VX2 liver tumor model.

Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) may prolong the survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, its efficacy is limited due to the high rate of incomplete embolization. Hypoxia after embolization can cause a series of changes in the tumor microenvironment, including lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) upregulation. Therefore, the current study assessed the antitumor effect and the underlying mechanism of the LDHA inhibitor, sodium oxamate (Ox), combined with TACE, using the rabbit VX2 liver tumor model.

Enhancing NIR-II Upconversion Monochromatic Emission for Temperature Sensing.

The upconversion luminescence (UCL) in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II) is highly attractive due to its excellent performance in high-resolution bioimaging, anticounterfeiting, and temperature sensing. However, upconvertion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are normally emitted in visible light, potentially impacting the imaging quality. Here, a monochromatic Er-rich (NaErF:x%Yb@NaYF) nanoparticles with excitation at 1532 nm and emission at 978 nm is proposed, both situated in the NIR-II region.