Propolis prevents the effects of chronic alcohol intake on ocular tissues.

Aim: This study is designed to investigate the protective effects of propolis in ocular tissues against chronic alcohol exposure.

Material And Method: Wistar albino rats were used in this study. Rats were divided into 4 groups, and each group was fed a special liquid diet which contained an equal amount of calories.

Effects of calcitonin, risedronate, and raloxifene on erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activity, lipid peroxidation, and nitric oxide in postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Background: The aims of this study were to compare erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities, lipid peroxidation, and nitric oxide levels (NO) in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) and non-porotic postmenopausal healthy controls and to assess the relationship between bone mineral density and these oxidant/antioxidant parameters. Additionally, in vivo effects of three different anti-osteoporotic drugs, calcitonin, risedronate and raloxifene, on the erythrocyte oxidant-antioxidant status in women with PMO were also assessed.

Methods: Postmenopausal women aged 40-65 years and without previous diagnosis or treatment for osteoporosis and independent in activities of daily living were included.

Role of antioxidant systems, lipid peroxidation, and nitric oxide in postmenopausal osteoporosis.

In this study we assessed activities of antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation end-products, and nitric oxide (NO) levels in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO). Relationship between oxidative stress parameters and NO levels with bone mineral density (BMD) and clinical variables influencing bone mass and health related quality of life measures was also investigated in women with PMO. Postmenopausal women (n=87), aged 40-65, without previous diagnosis or treatment for osteoporosis and independent in daily living activities were included.

Protective effects of leflunomide against ischemia-reperfusion injury of the rat liver.

Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury may be developed in some conditions, such as trauma, major hepatic resection, hemorrhagic shock or liver transplantation. I/R injury of the liver causes hepatocellular damage that may lead to hepatic failure. A considerable body of evidence indicates that reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammation may contribute to hepatocellular injury in liver I/R.