Evaluation of Chemokines MIG and IP-10 as Immunological Biomarkers of Human Visceral Leishmaniasis: A Systematic Review.

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a neglected tropical disease that is potentially fatal when untreated. Current diagnostic methods have limitations that contribute to ongoing transmission and poor prognosis. Thus, new tests are needed to provide quick, accurate diagnoses and evaluate clinical progression and treatment efficacy.

Case Report: Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: A Case Series with Intralesional Treatment in Northeast Brazil.

In 2022, the Pan American Health Organization recommended the intralesional application (IL) of pentavalent antimonials in adult patients with localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) caused by Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. Other guidelines differ from that recommendation, considering that infections caused by a Leishmania species that can be associated with increased risk for mucosal leishmaniasis, in particular L. (V.

Evaluation of Proinflammatory Chemokines in HIV Patients with Asymptomatic Infection.

Asymptomatic , when associated with HIV, can become severe and potentially fatal. In this co-infection, the worst prognosis may be influenced by the host's immunological aspects, which are crucial in determining susceptibility. Chemokines play an important role in this process by influencing the cellular composition at affected sites and impacting the disease's outcome.

A Flow Cytometry-Based Serological Assay to Detect Visceral Leishmaniasis in HIV-Infected Patients.

Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is a severe parasitic disease that has emerged as an important opportunistic condition in HIV-infected patients and whose control is impaired by inaccurate identification. This is mainly due to the serological tests used for VL having a reduced performance in cases of VL-HIV coinfection due to a low humoral response. In this situation, however, a positive test has even greater diagnostic value when combined with the clinical status.

Higher levels of TNF and IL-4 cytokines and low miR-182 expression in visceral leishmaniasis-HIV co-infected patients.

Aims: The aim of the present study was to assess serum cytokine and miRNA expression in visceral leishmaniasis-HIV (VL-HIV) co-infection and HIV mono-infection.

Methods And Results: We analysed 113 serum samples from HIV patients in areas endemic for leishmaniasis. The diagnosis of VL was confirmed in 65 of these 113 samples.

SLC11A1 (rs3731865) polymorphism and susceptibility to visceral leishmaniasis in HIV-coinfected patients from Northeastern Brazil.

Following the emergence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), the number of visceral leishmaniasis-HIV (VL-HIV) coinfections has increased worldwide, mainly in Brazil. The development of clinical forms of VL can be influenced by nutritional status, age, and host genetic factors, which are important variables determining susceptibility to disease. There are no studies with a candidate gene approach assayed directly in the VL-HIV-coinfected population.

Spatial analysis of reported new cases and local risk of leprosy in hyper-endemic situation in Northeastern Brazil.

Objective: To analyse the spatial distribution of the incidence of leprosy and identify areas at risk for occurrences of hyper-endemic disease in Northeastern Brazil.

Methods: Ecological study using municipalities as the analysis unit. Data on new cases of leprosy came from the Health Hazard Notification System (SINAN).

Cerebral toxoplasmosis in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome in the neurological emergency department of a tertiary hospital.

Introduction: Cerebral toxoplasmosis is the most common cause of space occupying brain lesion in patients with HIV/AIDS in Brazil. In the post-HAART era, it is responsible for high rates of morbidity and mortality worldwide.

Materials And Methods: This study consists of a case series of 56 patients diagnosed with cerebral toxoplasmosis whose clinical features, brain imaging and cerebrospinal fluid aspects were analyzed.

Nested polymerase chain reaction in cerebrospinal fluid for diagnosing spinal cord schistosomiasis: A promising method.

Introduction: Spinal cord schistosomiasis is a neglected, disabling neurological disease commonly identified in patients from northeast Brazil. The methods currently available for its diagnosis need improvement. PCR in feces and urine is a sensitive diagnostic tool for diagnosis of schistosomiasis, but its value in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is still unknown.