Oligodendroglia-to-pericyte conversion after lipopolysaccharide exposure is gender-dependent.

To investigate the sex-dependent differentiation of Sox10 cells and their response to pathological conditions such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure or ischemia, we utilized Sox10 Cre-ERT2, tdTomato mice. Tamoxifen administration induced the expression of red fluorescent protein (RFP) in these cells, facilitating their subsequent tracking and analysis after LPS injection and ischemia via immunofluorescence staining. Propidium iodide (PI) was injected to label necrotic cells following LPS administration.

Palmitoleic acid protects microglia from palmitate-induced neurotoxicity in vitro.

Although palmitoleic acid (POA) is a lipokine with beneficial effects on obesity and is produced as a byproduct from the manufacture of prescription omega-3 fatty acids, its role in nervous system inflammation is still unknown. This study aims to examine the mechanisms and protective effects of POA against palmitic acid (PA)-induced microglial death. PA-induced microglial death was used as a model for POA intervention.

Preparation of Enzyme-Soluble Swim Bladder Collagen from Sea Eel () and Evaluation Its Wound Healing Capacity.

In the present research, the enzyme-facilitated collagen from sea eel () swim bladder was isolated, and the collagen characteristics were analyzed. Then, the collagen sponge was prepared and its potential mechanism in promoting skin wound healing in mice was further investigated. Collagen was obtained from the swim bladder of sea eels employing the pepsin extraction technique.

Investigation of nephrotoxicity on mice exposed to polystyrene nanoplastics and the potential amelioration effects of DHA-enriched phosphatidylserine.

Nanoplastics (NPs) induce nephrotoxicity in mammals, but an understanding of the potential mechanism or amelioration strategies is lacking. Herein, we established the polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs, 100 nm)-induced nephrotoxicity murine model, and investigated the potential molecular mechanism of docosahexaenoic acid-enriched phosphatidylserine (DHA-PS) alleviating effects. Based on the biochemical indices, H&E staining and kidney metabolomics, we found that PS-NPs did cause murine nephrotoxicity, mainly due to inflammation, oxidative stress, and lipid disturbance.

Palmitate lipotoxicity is closely associated with the fatty acid-albumin complexes in BV-2 microglia.

Palmitic acid (PA) is considered a major contributor to the inflammation in many metabolic diseases; however, this role has been questioned recently for the complicated procedures in preparing PA-bovine serum albumin (BSA) complex. This study is aimed to evaluate the effect of PA-BSA complexing methods on cell viability and inflammatory responses of BV-2 cells. Three commercially available BSA brands and two types of solvents were compared for their effects on the expression of inflammatory cytokines.

A single dose of lipopolysaccharide elicits autofluorescence in the mouse brain.

One hallmark of aging is autofluorescence (AF) in the brain. However, the underlying mechanism for inducing AF remains unknown. This study aims to determine the cause(s) of this phenomenon.

Monkfish () Peptides Ameliorate High-Fat-Diet-Induced Nephrotoxicity by Reducing Oxidative Stress and Inflammation via Regulation of Intestinal Flora.

Background: Renal damage and intestinal flora imbalance due to lipotoxicity are particularly significant in terms of oxidative stress and inflammation, which can be alleviated with bioactive peptides. The monkfish () is rich in proteins, which can be used as a source of quality bioactive peptides. This study aimed to examine the protective effect of monkfish peptides on renal injury and their potential role in regulating gut microbiota.

Antihepatofibrotic effect of Guizhifuling pill on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in mice.

Objective: To evaluate the protective effects and the underlying mechanism of Guizhifuling pill (, GZFL) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl)-induced hepatic fibrosis in mice.

Methods: Male ICR mice by intraperitoneally administered with 20% CCl (mixed 1∶4 in soybean oil) to induce liver fibrosis. Mice that underwent CCl were orally with GZFL.

Monkfish Peptides Mitigate High Fat Diet-Induced Hepatic Steatosis in Mice.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a hepatic metabolic syndrome usually accompanied by fatty degeneration and functional impairment. The aim of the study was to determine whether monkfish peptides (LPs) could ameliorate high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD and its underlying mechanisms. NAFLD was induced in mice by giving them an HFD for eight weeks, after which LPs were administered in various dosages.

Protective mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine guizhi fuling pills against carbon tetrachloride-induced kidney damage is through inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation and regulating the intestinal flora.

Background: Chemical or drug-induced kidney damage has been recognized as a critical cause of kidney failure. The oxidative stress, inflammation, and imbalance of intestinal flora caused by carbon tetrachloride (CCl) play a fundamental role in chronic kidney damage. Guizhi Fuling pills (GZFL) is a traditional formula consisting of five traditional Chinese medicinal herbs, which can promote blood circulation and improve kidney function.

Fucoxanthin Attenuates Free Fatty Acid-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Regulating Lipid Metabolism/Oxidative Stress/Inflammation via the AMPK/Nrf2/TLR4 Signaling Pathway.

Fucoxanthin, a xanthophyll carotenoid abundant in brown algae, is reported to have several biological functions, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor activities, in mice. We investigated the effects and mechanisms of fucoxanthin in the mixture oleate/palmitate = 2/1(FFA)-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) cell model in this study. The results showed that the content of superoxide dismutase in the FFA group was 9.

Furazolidone and Nitrofurazone Metabolic Studies in Crucian Carp by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

In this work, the detection of the furazolidone (FZD) and nitrofurazone (NFZ) metabolites residuals in crucian carp are focused. Crucian carps of identical size were exposed to the mixed nitrofuran antibiotics under optimized bath conditions at a concentration of 50 mg/L, 26 ± 0.5°C for 24 h.

Guizhi Fuling pill attenuates liver fibrosis and via inhibiting TGF-β1/Smad2/3 and activating IFN-γ/Smad7 signaling pathways.

Liver fibrosis resulting from chronic liver injuries (CLI) is a common health problem globally. Guizhi Fuling pill (GZFL), a modern preparation from traditional Chinese medicine, exhibited anti-dysmenorrhea, anti-inflammatory, and immune-regulative effects. However, the effect of GZFL on liver fibrosis remains unknown.

Using Collagen Peptides From the Skin of Monkfish () to Ameliorate Kidney Damage in High-Fat Diet Fed Mice by Regulating the Nrf2 Pathway and NLRP3 Signaling.

Background: Oxidative stress and inflammation play important roles in high-fat diet (HFD) induced kidney damage. Previous studies show that the collagen extracted from the skin of monkfish () with pepsin (pepsin-solubilized collagen, PSC) exhibits good biological activities. This study investigates the protective effect of PSCP against chronic kidney injury in HFD-fed mice.

Astaxanthin attenuated hyperuricemia and kidney inflammation by inhibiting uric acid synthesis and the NF-κ B/NLRP3 signaling pathways in potassium oxonate and hypoxanthine-induced hyperuricemia mice.

Inflammation is an important pathological feature of hyperuricemia, which in turn aggravates hyperuricemia. Astaxanthin is a carotenoid with strong antioxidant capacity and possesses many biological activities. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of astaxanthin (ASX) on hyperuricemia and kidney inflammation in potassium oxonate (PO) and hypoxanthine (HX)-induced hyperuricemic mice.

Regulation of HO-induced cells injury through Nrf2 signaling pathway: An introduction of a novel cysteic acid-modified peptide.

A novel peptide (Cya-Phe-Leu-Ala-Pro, SCP) was formulated through non-protein amino acid-cysteic acid (Cya) modification of collagen peptide (Phe-Leu-Ala-Pro, CP) from Acaudina molpadioides. Introduction of this Cya showed remarkable improvement in the scavenging activities of OH·. SCP exhibited stronger effects than CP in preventing HO-induced oxidative damage due to lower levels of ROS and MDA, and higher activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as SOD, GSH-Px, HO-1, and NQO1.

Anti-Hyperuricemic Effects of Astaxanthin by Regulating Xanthine Oxidase, Adenosine Deaminase and Urate Transporters in Rats.

This study was designed to investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of Astaxanthin (AST) on high-fructose-induced hyperuricemia (HUA) from the perspectives of the uric acid (UA) synthesis and excretion in rat models. Following six weeks of a 10% fructose diet, the level of serum UA effectively decreased in the AST groups as compared to the model group. The enzymatic activities of xanthine oxidase (XOD) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) were significantly inhibited, and the mRNA expression levels of XOD and ADA significantly decreased after the AST administration.

Optimization of Extraction of Bioactive Peptides from Monkfish () and Characterization of Their Role in HO-Induced Lesion.

Background: Marine fish meat has been widely used for the extraction of bioactive peptides. This study was aimed to optimize the preparation of monkfish muscle peptides (LPs) using response surface methodology (RSM) and explore the antioxidant activities of <1 kDa LPs.

Methods: Peptides were prepared from the muscles of monkfish (), and five proteases were tested to hydrolyze muscle proteins.

Collagen Peptides from Swim Bladders of Giant Croaker () and Their Protective Effects against HO-Induced Oxidative Damage toward Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells.

Five different proteases were used to hydrolyze the swim bladders of and the hydrolysate treated by neutrase (collagen peptide named SNNHs) showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity. The extraction process of SNNHs was optimized by response surface methodology, and the optimal conditions were as follows: a temperature of 47.2 °C, a pH of 7.

Protective Effect of Low Molecular Weight Peptides from Head against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Mice the Keap1/Nrf2 Pathway.

The major component of the head protein hydrolysates-fraction 1 (SCHPs-F1) are low molecular weight peptides (MW < 1 kDa). In this study, we investigated the potential renoprotective effects of SCHPs-F1 in a cyclophosphamide (CTX) toxicity mouse model. In brief, 40 male mice were randomly divided into 5 groups and received either saline or 80 mg/kg body weight (BW) CTX by intraperitoneal injection for 5 days, followed by either saline or SCHPs-F1 (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg BW) by intragastric administration for 15 days.

Physicochemical Properties of Collagen from and Its Protective Effects against HO-Induced Injury in RAW264.7 Cells.

Collagen is a promising biomaterial used in the beauty and biomedical industries. In this study, the physicochemical characterization, antioxidant activities, and protective effects against HO-induced injury of collagen isolated from were investigated. The amino acid composition analysis showed that the collagen was rich in glycine (Gly), alanine (Ala), and glutamic acid (Glu), but poor in tyrosine (Tyr) and phenylalanine (Phe).

Pepsin-Soluble Collagen from the Skin of : A Preliminary Study Evaluating Physicochemical, Antioxidant, and Wound Healing Properties.

The structure of pepsin-solubilized collagen (PSC) obtained from the skin of was analyzed using the sodium dodecylsulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SDS-PAGE results showed that PSC from skin was collagen type I and had collagen-specific α1, α2, β, and γ chains. FTIR results indicated that the infrared spectrum of PSC ranged from 400 to 4000 cm, with five main amide bands.

Immunomodulatory Effects of the Oligopeptide (QLNWD) on Immune-Deficient Mice.

The aim of this study was to explore the immunomodulatory effects of the oligopeptide (MMO, QLNWD) in cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immune-deficient mice. Compared to untreated, CTX-induced immune-deficient mice, the spleen and thymus indexes of mice given moderate (100 mg/kg) and high (200 mg/kg) doses of MMO were significantly higher ( < 0.05), and body weight loss was alleviated.

Preparation of Antioxidant Peptide by Microwave- Assisted Hydrolysis of Collagen and Its Protective Effect Against HO-Induced Damage of RAW264.7 Cells.

Antioxidant peptides have elicited interest for the versatility of their use in the food and pharmaceutical industry. In the current study, antioxidant peptides were prepared by microwave-assisted alkaline protease hydrolysis of collagen from sea cucumber (). The results showed that microwave irradiation significantly improved the degree of hydrolysis of collagen and the hydroxyl radical (OH⋅) scavenging activity of hydrolysate.

Protective Effects of Fucoxanthin against Alcoholic Liver Injury by Activation of Nrf2-Mediated Antioxidant Defense and Inhibition of TLR4-Mediated Inflammation.

Fucoxanthin (Fx) is a natural extract from marine seaweed that has strong antioxidant activity and a variety of other bioactive effects. This study elucidated the protective mechanism of Fx on alcoholic liver injury. Administration of Fx was associated with lower pathological effects in liver tissue and lower serum marker concentrations for liver damage induced by alcohol.