Leishmaniasis as a Manifestation of Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS) in HIV-Infected Patients: A Literature Review.

Introduction: After the onset of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), some HIV-infected patients present a severe inflammation in response to a latent or a previously treated opportunistic pathogen termed immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). Few reports of tegumentary and visceral leishmaniasis have been described in association with IRIS.

Methods: A systematic literature review of IRIS in association with leishmaniasis identified 34 reported cases.

Does lipid emulsion reduce amphotericin B nephrotoxicity? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

This meta-analysis of 13 studies revealed that amphotericin B delivered as a locally prepared lipid emulsion or in liposomes reduced nephrotoxicity to a similar degree, by 18.4% (relative risk [RR], 0.40 [99% confidence interval, .