A Review on Patient-Derived 3D Micro Cancer Approach for Drug Screen in Personalized Cancer Medicine.

Precision medicine in oncology aims to identify an individualized treatment plan based on genomic alterations in a patient's tumor. It helps to select the most beneficial therapy for an individual patient. As it is now known that no patient's cancer is the same, and therefore, different patients may respond differently to conventional treatments, precision medicine, which replaces the one-size-fits-all approach, supports the development of tailored treatments for specific cancers of different patients.

Whey protein protects liver mitochondrial function against oxidative stress in rats exposed to acrolein.

Acrolein (AC) is one of the most toxic environmental pollutants, often associated with incomplete combustion of petrol, wood, and plastic, oil frying, and tobacco smoking, that causes oxidative damage to DNA and mitochondria. Considering that little is known about the protective effects of whey protein (WP) against AC-induced liver toxicity, the aim of our study was to learn more about them in respect to liver mitochondrial oxidative stress, respiratory enzymes, Krebs cycle enzymes, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). To do that, we treated Sprague Dawley rats with daily doses of AC alone (5 mg/kg bw in 0.

Cerium oxide nanoparticles exert antitumor effects and enhance paclitaxel toxicity and activity against breast cancer cells.

Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeONPs) displayed cytotoxic properties against some cancer cells. However, there is very limited data about the possible antitumoral potential of them in breast cancer cells when used alone and/or together with a chemotherapeutic drug. We investigated the effects of CeONPs alone or in combination with paclitaxel (PAC) on healthy or carcinoma breast cells.

Cytotoxic, genotoxic, and carcinogenic effects of acrylamide on human lung cells.

While an association between acrylamide (AC) exposure and the risk of developing cancer has been shown in some studies, there are very limited data on the relationship between AC exposure and lung cancer risk. Thus, we investigated the cytotoxic, genotoxic, and carcinogenic effects of AC on human lung bronchial epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B cells). AC (5 and 10 mM) significantly decreased the cell viability for all treatment times.

Conjugated linoleic acid protects brain mitochondrial function in acrolein induced male rats.

Acrolein (AC) is a toxic substance that can have a neurotoxic effect. It can cause oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), a dietary supplement, has many biological functions.

Trimetazidine alone or in combination with gemcitabine and/or abraxane decreased cell viability, migration and ATP levels and induced apoptosis of human pancreatic cells.

Background: Trimetazidine (TMZ) is an anti-ischemic agent that can inhibit the fatty acid oxidation. It has been stated that inhibition of fatty acid oxidation may be an acceptable approach to cancer treatment.

Methods: We examined the effects of TMZ alone or together with abraxane (ABX) and/or gemcitabine (GEM) on cell viability, apoptosis, adhesion, migration and ATP levels of human pancreatic cancer cell line PANC-1.

Increased DNA strand breaks and neoplastic transformation in human bladder cells treated with pioglitazone.

Pioglitazone (PIO), an oral hypoglycemic agent, is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Some studies have suggested that an increased risk of bladder cancer with PIO exposure, while the others reported there is no such relationship. Therefore, it is doubtful whether PIO can increase the risk of bladder cancer.

Effects of deltamethrin and thiacloprid on cell viability, colony formation and DNA double-strand breaks in human bronchial epithelial cells.

Deltamethrin (DEL) and thiacloprid (THIA) are commonly used insecticides applied either separately or as a mixture. We aimed to investigate the effects of DEL and THIA on cell viability, proliferation and DNA damage in human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) because their effects in lung cells are not known. Our results indicate that all concentrations of DEL and THIA statistically decreased colony formation, plating efficiency and survival fraction in a concentration-dependent manner in BEAS-2B cells expect the lowest concentration for 24 h.

Protective effect of Argan oil on mitochondrial function and oxidative stress against acrylamide-induced liver and kidney injury in rats.

Context: Acrylamide (ACR) is now a risk for general public health. Argan oil (AO) is harvested from the fruits of and its rich source of antioxidant and phenolic compounds.

Objective: The aim of present study was to investigate the protective effect of AO against ACR-induced liver and kidney injury in rats.

Clothianidin induces DNA damage and oxidative stress in bronchial epithelial cells.

Clothianidin (CHN) is a member of the neonicotinoid group of insecticides. Its oxidative and DNA damage potential for human lung cells are not known. Therefore, the present study was designed to examine the effects of CHN on DNA damage and oxidative stress in human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) treated with CHN for 24, 72, and 120 hr.

cytogenetic activity of 3-amino-4-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-1,2,5-thiadiazole 1,1-dioxide.

In a previous study, 3-amino-4-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-1,2,5-thiadiazole 1,1-dioxide (DPTD), which is five-membered cyclosulfamide, was synthesized and structurally characterized. The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of DPTD on cultured human lymphocytes in the presence and absence of a metabolic activation system (S9 mix). The cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of DPTD in human peripheral blood lymphocytes were examined by using chromosomal aberration (CA) and micronucleus (MN) tests.

In vitro cytogenetic assessment and comparison of vildagliptin and sitagliptin.

Vildagliptin and sitagliptin are commonly used antidiabetic drugs. Chromosomal aberration (CA), sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assays were employed to assess and compare cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of these drugs. Peripheral lymphocytes were exposed to 125 μg/ml, 250 μg/ml and 500 μg/ml of vildagliptin and 250 μg/ml, 500 μg/ml and 1000 μg/ml of sitagliptin for 24 h and 48 h with and without exogenous metabolic activation.

Effects of whey protein and conjugated linoleic acid on acrolein-induced cardiac oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and dyslipidemia in rats.

Acrolein is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant. Whey protein and conjugated linoleic acid are widely used weight-loss supplements. We aimed to evaluate blood lipid profiles, oxidative stress and mitochondrial bioenergetics function in hearts of rats treated with acrolein and/or the weight-loss supplements.

Hepatoprotective effects of capsaicin and alpha-tocopherol on mitochondrial function in mice fed a high-fat diet.

Capsaicin (CAP) and alpha-tocopherol (TOC) have antioxidant properties. We investigated effects of CAP and TOC on mitochondrial oxidative stress and mitochondrial bioenergetics in liver of mice fed HFD. AST, ALT, glucose, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index ((HOMA-IR)) and mitochondrial oxidative stress parameters increased, whereas oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) enzymes, tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) enzymes, ATP level and mitochondrial metabolic function (MTT) decreased in mice fed a HFD compared to the fed a standard diet (NC).

Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of clothianidin in human lymphocytes with or without metabolic activation system.

Clothianidin (CHN) is a broad-spectrum neonicotinoid insecticide. Limited studies have been carried out on the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of both CHN using different genotoxicity tests in human cells with or without human metabolic activation system (S9 mix). Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of CHN and its metabolites on human lymphocyte cultures with or without S9 mix using chromosomal aberration (CA) and micronucleus (MN) tests.

Acrolein-induced oxidative stress and genotoxicity in rats: protective effects of whey protein and conjugated linoleic acid.

Acrolein (AC), a highly reactive hazardous pollutant, poses serious threats to human health. Whey protein (WP) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) have beneficial health implications. We investigated the protective effects of WP and CLA against AC-induced toxicity in rats.

Effects of tartrazine on proliferation and genetic damage in human lymphocytes.

The color additive, tartrazine (TRZ), is widely used in food products, drugs and cosmetics. Genotoxicity of TRZ and its metabolites has not been investigated in detail in the presence and absence of a metabolic activator (S9 mix) in human. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of TRZ and its metabolites on cultured human lymphocytes by using chromosome aberration (CA) and micronucleus (MN) tests.

Oxcarbazepine-induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in human lymphocyte cultures with or without metabolic activation.

There has been considerable debate about the relationship between epilepsy and cancer. Oxcarbazepine (OXC) is used for treating certain types of seizures in patients with epilepsy. There have been no detailed investigations about genotoxicity of OXC and its metabolites.

Ziprasidone induces cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in human peripheral lymphocytes.

It has been stated that some antipsychotic drugs might cause genotoxic and carcinogenic effects. Ziprasidone (ZIP) is commonly used an antipsychotic drug. However, its genotoxicity and carcinogenicity data are very limited.

Cytogenetic alterations in human lymphocyte cultures following exposure to ofloxacin.

Ofloxacin (OFX), a second-generation of quinolones, is a broad-spectrum flouroquinolone antibiotic used in the treatment of various bacterial infections. In this article, we aimed to investigate the cytotoxic and genotoxic potentials of OFX in cultured human peripheral lymphocytes. The cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of OFX on human peripheral blood lymphocytes were examined in vitro by sister chromatid exchange (SCE), chromosomal aberrations (CAs) and micronucleus (MN) tests.

Investigation of cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of the antihistaminic drug, loratadine, on human lymphocytes.

Context: Loratadine (LOR) is a new generation antihistamine used in the treatment of allergic disorders.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytogenotoxic effect of LOR on human peripheral blood lymphocytes.

Materials And Methods: We investigated the genotoxic effect of this drug in cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes using sister chromatid exchange (SCE), chromosomal aberrations (CA) and micronucleus (MN) assay in culture conditions.

Evaluation of the cytogenotoxic damage in immature and mature rats exposed to 900 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields.

Purpose: One of the most important issues regarding radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) is their effect on genetic material. Therefore, we investigated the cytogenotoxic effects of 900 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) and the effect of a recovery period after exposure to RF-EMF on bone marrow cells of immature and mature rats.

Materials And Methods: The immature and mature rats in treatment groups were exposed to RF-EMF for 2 h/day for 45 days.

Effects of commercial formulations of deltamethrin and/or thiacloprid on thyroid hormone levels in rat serum.

Deltamethrin (DEL) and thiacloprid (THIA) are the two commonly used synthetic insecticides applied either separately or as a mixture. The aim of this study was to assess thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and the serum levels of thyroid hormones exposure to these compounds in rats. The animals were orally gavaged with a single dose of DEL (15 mg/kg), THIA (112.