Butyrate reduced lipopolysaccharide-mediated macrophage migration by suppression of Src enhancement and focal adhesion kinase activity.

Macrophage motility is vital in innate immunity. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated macrophage migration requires the enhancement of Src expression and enzymatic activity, which can be regulated by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). As a major short-chain fatty acid with histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor activity, butyrate exerts anti-inflammatory effect by regulating the expression of cytokines.

Mycogloea nipponica--the first known teleomorph in the heterobasidiomycetous yeast genus Kurtzmanomyces.

A culture was obtained from a spore print of a basidiocarp of Mycogloea nipponica collected in Taiwan. A yeast stage and basidia identical to those of M. nipponica developed in laboratory media.

Fungi genus and concentration in the air of onion fields and their opportunistic action related to mycotic keratitis.

The authors determined fungi concentrations and genera from onion fields located in monsoon and nonmonsoon areas of Taiwan, as well as concentrations from a county housing location, which served as the comparison site. The authors explored the relationship(s) among onion harvesting, monsoon characteristics, airborne fungal levels, and mycotic eye infection. Airborne fungal levels in the onion field in the nonmonsoon area were the highest, followed by decreasing levels in the monsoon area and control sites, regardless of the sampling periods.

Heterorepetobasidium, a new genus in the Auriculariales.

A new genus, Heterorepetobasidium, is proposed to accommodate two new species, H. subglobosum and H. ellipsoideum, recently collected in Taiwan.