High-dose intravenous immunoglobulin may be an efficient treatment option for patients with late-onset high-grade immune effector cell-associated hematotoxicity refractory to standard therapies.

Not available.

In patients with follicular lymphoma, delayed-onset neutropenia induced by anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies frequently occurs during maintenance therapy and is preferentially associated with obinutuzumab.

The prevalence of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (MoAb)-associated delayed-onset neutropenia (DON) varies between 8 and 27%. Despite the wide use of MoAbs as maintenance in follicular lymphoma (FL), data regarding DON occurrence and clinical consequences are limited. This study assessed DON prevalence, severity and risk factors in FL patients during maintenance.

Trial eligibility, treatment patterns and outcome for venetoclax-based therapy in AML: a prospective cohort study.

Venetoclax (Ven) plus hypomethylating agents are considered standard-of-care for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) judged ineligible for intensive chemotherapy (IC). Real-world studies complement clinical trials, since patterns of patient selection, treatment-exposure and post-remission management may vary. This prospective observational multi-center study included 209 newly diagnosed IC-ineligible patients with a median age 75 years (interquartile range, 71-81 years).

Acute myeloid leukemia drug tolerant persister cells survive chemotherapy by transiently increasing plasma membrane rigidity, that also increases their sensitivity to immune cell killing.

Resistance to chemotherapy remains a major hurdle to the cure of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) patients. Recent studies indicate a minority of malignant cells, termed drug-tolerant persisters (DTPs), stochastically upregulate stress pathways to evade cell death upon acute exposure to chemotherapy without acquiring new genetic mutations. This chemoresistant state is transient and the cells return to baseline after removal of chemotherapy.

Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as a Biomarker for Clinical Response After Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Systemic Sclerosis.

Introduction: Systemic sclerosis is a complex disease that affects various target organs, making it difficult to assess response and determine remission or relapse. A baseline Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) >2.95 is associated with severe progressive skin and lung disease and decreased 5-year survival in systemic sclerosis (SSc).

Impact of discontinuing routine fluoroquinolone prophylaxis in neutropenic allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: an observational study.

Background: Uncertainty exists as to the role of fluoroquinolone (FQ) prophylaxis for patients undergoing allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in the era of rising antibiotic resistance.

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate rates of bloodstream infections (BSI), resistance patterns and outcomes of patients after discontinuing routine FQ prophylaxis administration.

Methods: All adult recipients of first HSCT from 2017 to 2020 were retrospectively included and classified according to time of HSCT as FQ group (HSCT January 2017-December 2018) or no FQ group (January 2019-December 2020).

Eosinophilic Pleocytosis in the Cerebrospinal Fluid following CAR-T Cell Therapy for Central Nervous System Lymphoma: A Case for Warning?

Introduction: Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy, emerging as an efficient treatment option for patients with secondary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma, is frequently complicated with immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS).

Case Presentation: We report a case of a 64-year-old woman with transformed follicular lymphoma, developing high-grade ICANS with eosinophilic pleocytosis following third-line therapy with CAR-T cells (tisagenlecleucel). During bridging therapy, she declined neurologically and was diagnosed with secondary CNS lymphoma.

Innovative cellular therapies for autoimmune diseases: expert-based position statement and clinical practice recommendations from the EBMT practice harmonization and guidelines committee.

Autoimmune diseases (ADs) are characterized by loss of immune tolerance, high chronicity, with substantial morbidity and mortality, despite conventional immunosuppression (IS) or targeted disease modifying therapies (DMTs), which usually require repeated administration. Recently, novel cellular therapies (CT), including mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC), Chimeric Antigen Receptors T cells (CART) and regulatory T cells (Tregs), have been successfully adopted in ADs. An international expert panel of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation and the International Society for the Cell and Gene Therapy, reviewed all available evidence, based on the current literature and expert practices, on use of MSC, CART and Tregs, in AD patients with rheumatological, neurological, and gastroenterological indications.

Fecal microbiota transplantation in capsules for the treatment of steroid refractory and steroid dependent acute graft vs. host disease: a pilot study.

Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD) is a serious complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation with limited treatment options. The gut microbiome plays a critical role in aGvHD pathogenesis. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has emerged as a potential therapeutic approach to restore gut microbial diversity.

Altered Serum Alpha1-Antitrypsin Protease Inhibition before and after Clinical Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Association with Risk for Non-Relapse Mortality.

α1-Antitrypsin (AAT), an acute-phase reactant not unsimilar to C-reactive protein (CRP), is a serine protease inhibitor that harbors tissue-protective and immunomodulatory attributes. Its concentrations appropriately increase during conditions of extensive tissue injury, and it induces immune tolerance, in part, by inhibiting the enzymatic activity of the inflammatory serine protease, proteinase 3 (PR3). Typically administered to patients with genetic AAT deficiency, AAT treatment was recently shown to improve outcomes in patients with steroid-refractory graft-versus-host disease (GVHD).

Pneumocystis Pneumonia After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: A Case-Control Study on Epidemiology and Risk Factors on Behalf of the Infectious Diseases Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation.

Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is a life-threatening complication after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). However, allo-HCT procedures have evolved toward older patients, unrelated donors, and reduced-intensity conditioning, possibly modifying the risks. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), widely used nowadays, is more sensitive than microscopy diagnostic methods.

Abnormal adipogenic signaling in the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells contributes to supportive microenvironment for leukemia development.

Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive hematological malignancy, associated with unfavorable patient outcome, primarily due to disease relapse. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) residing in the bone marrow (BM) niche are the source of mesenchyma-derived subpopulations, including adipocytes, and osteocytes, that are critical for normal hematopoiesis. This study aimed to characterize BM-derived adipocyte/osteocyte fractions and their crosstalk with AML cells as a potential mechanism underlying leukemogenesis.

Cellular Therapy in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Have We Advanced in the Last Decade?

Background: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a heterogeneous B-cell malignancy, affecting mainly older adults. Despite the recent introduction of multiple targeted agents, CLL remains an incurable disease. Cellular therapy is a promptly evolving area that has developed over the last decades from such standard of care as hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) to the novel treatment modalities employing genetically engineered immune cells.

Outcomes in progressive systemic sclerosis treated with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation compared with combination therapy.

Objectives: Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) has been shown to improve long-term survival for early diffuse progressive SSc compared with CYC. CYC, however, does not provide a long-term benefit in SSc. The combination of MMF and rituximab is a potent alternative regimen.