Atmospheric black carbon observations and its valley-mountain dynamics: Eastern cordillera of the central Andes of Peru.

Glacial bodies in the Peruvian Andes Mountains store and supply freshwater to hundreds of thousands of people in central Peru. Atmospheric black carbon (BC) is known to accelerate melting of snow and ice, in addition to contributing to air pollution and the health of people. Currently there is limited understanding on the sources and temporal variability of BC in valley and mountain environments in Peru.

Do anterior catheterizable urinary channels have fewer complications than posterior channels? An international cohort study.

Objective: Appendicovesicostomy (APV) and Monti ileovesicostomy (Monti) are durable catheterizable channels. While subfascial revision rates vary by channel type, a channel implanted in the anterior (vs posterior) aspect of the bladder may have a lower subfascial revision risk, due to decreased channel mobility and better fascial fixation. The present study aimed to compare long-term durability of anteriorly compared to posteriorly implanted APV and Monti channels in a large international cohort.

Hydrological modeling of the Peruvian-Ecuadorian Amazon basin using GPM-IMERG satellite-based precipitation dataset.

In the last two decades, rainfall estimates provided by the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) have proven applicable in hydrological studies. The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission, which provides the new generation of rainfall estimates, is now considered a global successor to TRMM. The usefulness of GPM data in hydrological applications, however, has not yet been evaluated over the Andean and Amazonian regions.

[Neonatal circumcision with local anesthesia. Results of a standardized protocol].

Introduction: Neonatal circumcision is a common procedure in the US and other countries, with low rates of complications in trained hands. However, it has recently been incorporated into the clinical environment in Chile. Our goal was to establish a local standardised protocol for neonatal circumcision under local anaesthesia, and evaluate the results and possible complications.

Vesicoureteral reflux: current management in children.

Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is a disorder that has been studied since the early days of pediatric urology. From 1893, when it was first documented in humans by Pozzi, the research and clinical management of VUR has been marked by pendulum swings through the decades. Initially, the vesicoureteral junction was the main subject of study, whereas current practice takes into account the bladder and bowel dynamics.

Outcome of tunnelled central venous catheters used for haemodialysis in children weighing less than 15 kg.

Purpose: Central venous catheters (CVC) are frequently used for haemodialysis (HD) in children. However, there is paucity of information on the outcomes of CVCs when used for HD in very young patients. Our objective is to report the success, safety and complication rates of CVCs used for HD in children weighing less than 15 kg.

Intraoperative cystography pre- and post-endoscopic treatment for vesicoureteral reflux: guaranteed success?

Objective: This study was designed to investigate whether post-endoscopic treatment (ET) intraoperative cystography is predictive of treatment outcome.

Patients And Methods: Patients diagnosed with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and treated endoscopically with polyacrylate/polyalcohol copolymer or dextranomer hyaluronic acid were studied prospectively between August 2009 and April 2011. Slow infusion pre-ET cystography was performed under anesthesia.

Laparoscopic surgery of vesicoureteral reflux: an experience in 42 patients with the Lich-Gregoir extravesical technique.

Introduction: Vesico-ureteral reflux (VUR) is a common congenital anomaly of the urinary tract in the pediatric population, existing controversy regarding its management. Patients selected for treatment options are offered, from endoscopic injection of substances sub-ureteral to ureteral reimplantation surgery.

Objective: To evaluate the use of the laparoscopic surgical technique for the treatment of vesico-ureteral reflux, with an analysis of the procedure, results and complications.

Unusual presentation of a Leydig Cell Tumor.

Leydig Cell Tumors (LCT) in children are very rare, with an incidence of 1-3% for all testicular tumors in children. Clinical presentation is testicular mass, pain and hormone alteration such as precocious puberty and gynecomastia. We present one case of LCT and his conservative management after an incidental finding.

Urethral diverticulum after laparoscopically-assisted anorectal pull-through (LAARP) for anorectal malformation: is resection of the diverticulum always necessary?

Summary Objectives: With the increased use of minimally invasive surgery, the urethral diverticulum after anorectal surgery has become an issue. The few cases reported have been managed by surgical excision. We hereby report a case of urethral diverticulum after a laparoscopically-assisted anorectal pull-through (LAARP)procedure with a successful outcome after a period of active surveillance.

[Feminizing genitoplasty in adrenal congenital hyperplasia: one or two surgical steps?].

Summary Objectives: The best time to perform a genitoplasty in a Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) girl is an issue that has been discussed extensively. The purpose of this study is to find criteria that may help in the decision.

Methods: Charts of all patients with diagnosis of CAH with 21 Hydroxylase deficit who underwent genitoplasty in our institution were reviewed (Jan 1996-Dec 2006).

[Surgical technique for extravesical vesicoureteral neoimplantation].

Objectives: The uneven relationship between length and diameter of the intramural ureter is essential for the development of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). Surgical treatment should reconstruct that relationship. Several surgical techniques have been described to achieve this objective.

[Varicocele in the adolescent. What is the best surgical option?].

Objectives: To compare three different surgical approaches for the performance of varicocelectomy in the pediatric population, analyzing their effectiveness and secondary complications.

Methods: Over an eight year period 90 varicocelectomies were performed in 89 children with a mean age of 12 years (range 8-16). Patients were divided into three groups, in 21 cases laparoscopic approach was performed (Group 1), in 55 the Palomo's retroperitoneal approach (Group 2) and inguinal approach in 14 cases (Group 3).

[Ectopic ureter in pediatrics. A change in the way of presentation].

Objectives: Classically, the diagnosis of ectopic ureter was done in grown up girls due to urinary incontinence, today the diagnoses are more precocious, which has partially changed treatment. The objective of this paper is to perform a review of our experience over the last years and to correlate it with the current type of presentation.

Methods: We studied all patients with the diagnosis of ectopic ureter in a period of 10 years, between 1997 and December 2006.

Clinical and urodynamic evaluation after ureterocystoplasty with different amounts of tissue.

Purpose: Ureter is one of the best tissues for bladder augmentation. The amount of ureteral segment available is extremely variable among patients. We compared results in patients who underwent ureterocystoplasty with 2 ureters, 1 complete ureter or a distal segment only after transureteroureterostomy.

[Renal transplantation in patients with neurogenic bladder].

Background: Renal transplantation can be done in patients with neurogenic bladder and clean intermittent self catheterization maintains renal function

Aim: To retrospective assess the results of renal transplantation in patients with neurogenic bladder.

Patients And Methods: The medical records of seven patients aged 10 to 22 years old (3 female) followed during 7 to 32 months were reviewed. All patients had urinary tract infection, prior to transplantation, were instructed on self catheterization and received tri-associated immunosuppression.