Aniline TFPA enhances camptothecin-induced anti-NSCLC by modulating oxidative stress and impairing autophagy.

Background: Camptothecin (CPT) derivatives are widely used in cancer therapies, but their efficacy can be attenuated by resistance mechanisms such as autophagy. We recently showed that the aniline compound 4-[4-(4-aminophenoxy)-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenoxy] aniline (TFPA) can potently increase CPT cytotoxicity against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether TFPA improves CPT-based chemotherapy by modulating autophagy and other cell death pathways in NSCLC models.

Mapping fatigue: discovering brain regions and genes linked to fatigue susceptibility.

Background: The relationship between the brain and fatigue is gaining increasing attention, with numerous studies indicating that certain specific brain regions may be closely linked to fatigue. Our study aimed to identify brain regions exhibiting significant causal relationships to fatigue and discover potential neurotherapeutic targets associated with fatigue, in the pursuit of seeking new approaches for fatigue treatment.

Methods: A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR) method was employed to investigate causal relationships between cortical and subcortical gray matter volumes in 83 regions and fatigue.

Exogenous application of abscisic acid enhanced 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline biosynthesis, accumulation, and antioxidant activities in aromatic rice.

Background: Abscisic acid (ABA) is a crucial endogenous hormone in plants, regulating a myriad of processes integral to plant growth and development. However, there has been no reported impact on the production of aromatic rice following the application of exogenous ABA. Aromatic rice not only possesses intense aroma but also boasts higher nutritional value.

Association of healthy lifestyle and the incidence of atrial fibrillation in senior adults: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Limited evidence was available on the association of the integrated effect of multidimensional lifestyle factors with AF incidence among Chinese old adults. This cohort study was to examine the effect of combined lifestyle factors on AF risk among Chinese older adults.

Methods: A total of 3,253 adults aged 60 years or more from the Guangzhou Heart Study were successfully followed up.

Prevalence and influencing factors of micronutrient powder adoption among children aged 6-24 months by parental and grandparental caregivers: an analysis from rural China.

Background: Micronutrient powder (MNP or Yingyangbao, a dietary supplement that contains multiple vitamins and minerals) programs can reduce the risk of anemia among children. One such program in China distributed free MNP to children aged 6-24 months in poor rural areas. However, there are indications that the generation of primary caregiver (i.

Relationship between cognitive impairments and psychopathological symptoms in female schizophrenia subsequent to 8 weeks treatment with antipsychotic drugs.

Background: Changes in cognitive impairments and their relationship with psychopathological symptoms during treatment in schizophrenia remain debatable. Especially, there is few studies specifically focusing on female patients. Further exploration of the characteristics of female schizophrenia patients can offer valuable sex-related considerations for clinicians in diagnosis and interventions.

Attitude changes of cancer pain and opioids among cancer patients: a cross-sectional study spanning a decade.

Objectives: A comprehensive understanding of attitudes and changes in attitudes towards cancer pain and opioid analgesics among cancer patients can help healthcare professionals to provide more targeted and effective health education to improve the quality of care and health education for patients with cancer pain.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2013 to December 2013 and from January 2023 to December 2023, respectively. Questionnaires were used to collect data, including the clinical characteristics of patients and their perspectives on cancer pain and opioids.

Pelvic vasectomy and its protective effects on rat testis function.

Background: Vasectomy is a commonly used male contraceptive method, but the choice of surgical technique can influence long-term reproductive health outcomes. Previous studies suggest that different vasectomy techniques may lead to varying degrees of tissue damage, oxidative stress, and endocrine dysfunction. However, there is limited research on how these techniques affect overall reproductive system function.

Rapid progression of right ventricular dysfunction: a case report.

Background: Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is a genetic myocardial disease characterized by progressive myocyte loss and fibrofatty (fibrous and adipose) tissue replacement to predispose these patients to fatal ventricular arrhythmias and impairment of ventricular systolic function. The relationship of ACM and myocarditis has gained significant attention.

Case Presentation: This case presented a 28-year-old female who was admitted to the hospital with complaints of recurrent lower limb edema and palpitations for 6 months.

Safety and efficacy of lesion size index guided 50 W radiofrequency ablation in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.

Background: Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) using conventional power (30-35 W) radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has been an effective treatment strategy for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF), but its longer duration may cause collateral damage to peripheral tissue including esophageal and phrenic nerve. High-power (HP) RFA, due to better transmural performance and shorter duration, may reduce the damage to adjacent tissue and is expected to be a safe and efficient ablation strategy.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we included 259 patients with PAF who underwent lesion size index (LSI)-guided radiofrequency ablation.

Ketogenic diets and β-hydroxybutyrate in the prevention and treatment of diabetic kidney disease: current progress and future perspectives.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the main cause of end-stage renal disease. Ketogenic diets (KD) is a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet. KD produces ketone bodies to supplement energy in the case of insufficient glucose in the body.

Association of visceral adiposity index (VAI) with prognosis in patients with metabolic syndrome and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.

Background: Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI) is an effective predictor of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and serves as a marker of visceral adiposity. The association between the VAI index and poor prognosis in patients with MetS and Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) remains unclear. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between VAI and endpoint events in patients with metabolic syndrome and HFrEF.

ZNF451 collaborates with RNF8 to regulate RNF168 localization and amplify ubiquitination signaling to promote DNA damage repair and regulate radiosensitivity.

The ubiquitination of histone H2A/H2AX, catalyzed by RNF8/RNF168, is a crucial step in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), playing a significant role in transmitting and amplifying DNA damage response signals. However, the upstream regulatory mechanisms of RNF168 remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that ZNF451 catalyzes the SUMOylation of RNF168, thereby regulating the ubiquitination of histone H2A/H2AX.

c-Kit cells that intercalate with crypt Lgr5 cells are distinctively multipotent in colonic epithelium renewal and repair.

The colonic crypts are principally composed by Lgr5 stem cells and deep crypt secretory (DCS) cells. c-Kit-expressing cells mark DCS cells and supply Wnt3, EGF, and Notch signals to support their neighboring crypt bottom-intermingled Lgr5 cells. However, the role of c-Kit cells beyond supporting Lgr5 cells in colonic epithelium remains unexplored.

Discovery of a fluorinated macrobicyclic antibiotic through chemical synthesis.

The emergence of bacterial antimicrobial resistance threatens to undermine the utility of antibiotic therapy in medicine. This threat can be addressed, in part, by reinventing existing antibiotic classes using chemical synthesis. Here we present the discovery of BT-33, a fluorinated macrobicyclic oxepanoprolinamide antibiotic with broad-spectrum activity against multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens.

A facile approach for generating ordered oxygen vacancies in metal oxides.

Oxygen vacancies in oxide materials, although demonstrated to be beneficial for many applications, are hard to be generated and manipulated as desired, particularly for bulk materials with a large size and limited surface area. Here, by simply coupling the thermal activation with a simultaneously applied electric field, we efficiently generate ordered oxygen vacancies within bulk crystals of ternary SrAlO, binary TiO and other common oxide materials, which give rise to superior functionalities. We expect that this approach offers a general and practical way for the vacancy engineering of oxide materials and holds great promise for their applications.

Vapour-liquid-solid-solid growth of two-dimensional non-layered β-BiO crystals with high hole mobility.

Currently, p-type two-dimensional (2D) materials lag behind n-type ones in both quantity and performance, hindering their use in advanced p-channel transistors and complementary logic circuits. Non-layered materials, which make up 95% of crystal structures, hold the potential for superior p-type 2D materials but remain challenging to synthesize. Here we show a vapour-liquid-solid-solid growth of atomically thin (<1 nm), high-quality, non-layered 2D β-BiO crystals on a SiO/Si substrate.

Causal link between type 1 diabetes mellitus and juvenile idiopathic arthritis in Europe.

Background: Several observational studies have shown an association between the presence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and the risk of developing juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). The occurrence of comorbidities is a painful for children and their families. Therefore, a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) study was conducted.

The analysis of sanshan island based on constrained magnetization vector inversion.

Gold ores are important strategic key mineral resource in China. The Sanshan Island area produces gold ores, in which the magmatic activity becomes the heat source for the activation of gold-bearing fluids, and the widely developed fracture structure provides the channel and spatial structure for gold transport and enrichment. Therefore, it is an important direction to utilize the inversion method to portray the distribution of fractures and intrusive rocks.

Prevalence and risk factors of high-risk sexual behavior among elderly men with HIV infection in Chongqing, China.

The increasing use of antiviral drugs, combined with an aging population, has resulted in a growing number of older adults living with HIV. Unfortunately, high-risk sexual behavior among older individuals with HIV has led to HIV retransmission. Our study aimed to analyze the sexual behavior of elderly men with HIV in Chongqing and evaluate the factors influencing high-risk sexual behavior using a logistic regression model.

Lighting up metal nanoclusters by the HO-dictated electron relaxation dynamics.

The modulation of traps has found attractive attention to optimize the performance of luminescent materials, while the understanding of trap-involved photoluminescence management of metal nanoclusters greatly lags behind, thus extensively impeding their increasing acceptance as the promising chromophores. Here, we report an efficient passivation of the structural oxygen vacancies in AuAg nanoclusters by leveraging the HO molecules, achieving a sensitive color tuning from 536 to 480 nm and remarkably boosting photoluminescence quantum yield from 5.3% (trap-state emission) to 91.

Unveiling the atomistic mechanism of oxide scale spalling in heat-resistant alloys.

An intact oxide scale adhering well to the matrix is crucial for the safe service of metallic materials at high temperatures. However, premature failure is usually caused by spallation of scales from the matrix. Although few mechanisms have been proposed to understand this phenomenon, consensus has not yet been reached.

Hyperspectral estimation of chlorophyll content in grapevine based on feature selection and GA-BP.

Leaf chlorophyll content (LCC) is a key indicator for assessing the growth of grapes. Hyperspectral techniques have been applied to LCC research. However, quantitative prediction of grape LCC using this technique remains challenging due to baseline drift, spectral peak overlap, and ambiguity in the sensitive spectral range.

Thermo-responsive jamming by particle shape change.

Granular materials transition between unjammed (deformable) and jammed (rigid) states when adjusting their packing density. Here, we report on experiments demonstrating that the same kind of phase transition can be alternatively achieved through temperature-controlled particle shape change. Using a confined system of randomly-packed rod-like particles made of shape memory alloy (SMA), we exploit that shape recovery of these bent rods with rising temperature at a constant packing density leads to a jammed state.