Classical-Nonclassical Polarity of Gaussian States.

Gaussian states with nonclassical properties such as squeezing and entanglement serve as crucial resources for quantum information processing. Accurately quantifying these properties within multimode Gaussian states has posed some challenges. To address this, we introduce a unified quantification: the "classical-nonclassical polarity," represented by P.

Diagnoses and Outcomes of Patients with Suspicion of Acute Coronary Syndrome and Raised High Sensitive Troponin I: A Single Center Study from Pakistan.

 Troponins are classically raised in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) although other cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular causes are recognized. We aimed to see the association of high sensitivity (Hs) Troponin I values exceeding the sex-specific 99th percentile upper reference limit (URL) with diagnoses, emergency department (ED) outcomes, 30-day outcomes of admitted patients and predictors of ACS in both genders.  A retrospective study of all patients presenting to the emergency department from January 2019 to April 2021 with suspicion of ACS and Hs-Troponin I values greater than the sex-specific 99th percentile URL.

Plasmonic spin induced Imbert-Fedorov shift.

The spin angular momentums of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) on chiral material interfaces and the Imbert-Fedorov shifts of linearly polarized light beams are investigated. Compared to a traditional TM-polarized SPP having a transverse spin, the SPP on a chiral material interface also has a longitudinal spin component, resulting from the nature that this new kind of SPP is a hybrid of TE and TM-polarized evanescent waves. When a light beam is incident on a sandwich structure composed of chiral material, prisms, and metal layers, in which the SPP is supported, the reflection and transmission processes can be analogous to the transport of a photon in a waveguide QED system.

High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin I Levels Below 99th Percentile Upper Reference Limit in Patients Presenting with Suspicion of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) in Emergency Department at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Karachi, Pakistan.

Introduction: Troponin I levels are biomarkers of choice for diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, prognostic significance of values below the 99th percentile upper reference limit (URL) in patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) need further evaluation.

Aim: The objectives of the study were to find the association of High sensitivity (hs)-Troponin I values below 99th percentile URL with age and the Emergency Department (ED) outcome, to determine single cut-off for safe discharge of these patients from the ED and to determine the 30-day outcome of the patients admitted under cardiac speciality.

Antibacterial Activity of a Novel Oligosaccharide from against subsp. .

The present study aims to characterize and predict models for antibacterial activity of a novel oligosaccharide from against subsp. using an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system and an artificial neural network. The mathematical predication models were used to determine the optimal conditions to produce oligosaccharide and determine the relationship between the factors (pH, temperature, and time).

Graphene Plasmon Excitation with Ground-State Two-Level Quantum Emitters.

The transmission of a two-level quantum emitter in its ground state through a graphene nanosheet is investigated. The graphene plasmons (GPs) field distribution, especially the opposite orientations of the vertical electric field components on the two sides of the graphene nanosheet, produces a significant nonadiabatic process during the interaction between the emitter and the localized GPs. By taking into account the counterrotating terms, the excitation of the quantum emitter with simultaneous emission of a GP has a large probability.

Frequency and trend of vitamin D deficiency in correlation with demographic and selected biochemical parameters in Karachi, Pakistan.

Objective: To evaluate the frequency and trend of vitamin D deficiency, and to find its correlation with demographic and selected biochemical parameters.

Methods: The retrospective study was conducted at The Indus Hospital, Karachi, and comprised clinical laboratory data of individuals tested for vitamin D from January 2013 to March 2018. The trend of vitamin D deficiency and frequency was assessed in relation to age, gender and serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, alkaline phosphatase and parathyroid hormone.

Tunable and enhanced Goos-Hänchen shift via surface plasmon resonance assisted by a coherent medium.

We present a scheme for enhancing Goos-Hänchen shift of light beam that is reflected from a coherent atomic medium in the Kretschmann-Raether configuration. The complex permittivity of the medium can be coherently controlled and has significant influence on the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) at the metal-medium interface. By tuning the atomic absorption, the internal damping of SPR system can be modulated effectively, thereby leading to giant positive and negative lateral displacements.

Deep subwavelength lithography via tunable terahertz plasmons.

A scheme to overcome diffraction limit in optical lithography via tunable plasmons is proposed. The plasmons are generated by a current-driven instability and are resonance amplified between the drain and source barriers of the transistor. A series of discrete deep subwavelength can be obtained by controlling the gate voltage.

Quantum state protection in finite-temperature environment via quantum gates.

We propose a protocol to protect the quantum states and entanglements from finite-temperature thermal noise via quantum gates. Compared to the common protocols protecting the quantum states and entanglements by using weak measurements and their reversals, no time-consuming weak measurements are needed in the present protocol and consequently, it is much faster. We also discuss the possible implementation of the protocol in cavity QED system.

Exchange unknown quantum states with almost invisible photons.

We propose a quasi-counterfactual quantum swap gate for exchanging Alice's unknown photon state and Bob's unknown atomic state under the condition that only Alice's photon may appear in the transmission channel between Alice and Bob, while the probability of the existence of photon in the transmission channel is controllable and can tend to zero. Unlike standard counterfactual quantum communication protocols, quantum states exchange in present scenario is achieved by multiple phase operations, rather than multiple measurements. The total effect of those operations can be considered as a unitary time evolution operator.

Polariton-Assisted Cooperativity of Molecules in Microcavities Monitored by Two-Dimensional Infrared Spectroscopy.

Molecular polaritons created by the strong coupling between matter and field in microcavities enable the control of molecular dynamical processes and optical response. Multidimensional infrared spectroscopy is proposed for monitoring the polariton-assisted cooperative properties. The response of molecules to local fluctuations is incorporated and the full dynamics is monitored through the time- and frequency-resolved multidimensional signal.

Tunable surface plasmon-polaritons based on quantum coherence.

Tunable surface plasmons on the interface of a multilevel atomic medium with a cross coupling of the electric and magnetic components of a plasmonic field are investigated. The strong chirality resulting from the quantum coherence leads to some exciting properties of the surface plasmons. Compared to the traditional chiral-metal interface, surface plasmonic mode can still be found at the interface between such atomic media and a dielectric even when both the permittivity and the permeability of the medium are positive.

Quantum Secure Group Communication.

We propose a quantum secure group communication protocol for the purpose of sharing the same message among multiple authorized users. Our protocol can remove the need for key management that is needed for the quantum network built on quantum key distribution. Comparing with the secure quantum network based on BB84, we show our protocol is more efficient and securer.

Measurement of deep-subwavelength emitter separation in a waveguide-QED system.

In the waveguide quantum electrodynamics (QED) system, emitter separation plays an important role for its functionality. Here, we present a method to measure the deep-subwavelength emitter separation in a waveguide-QED system. In this method, we can also determine the number of emitters within one diffraction-limited spot.

Tunable Goos-Hänchen shift from graphene ribbon array.

The Goos-Hänchen (GH) shift of light beam incident on graphene ribbon array is investigated by Green's function method. Due to the resonance effects of leaky surface plasmons on ribbons, the zeroth-order reflection field shows both giant positive and negative GH shifts. By tuning the graphene Fermi level, we can control the shift conveniently.

Revealing nonclassicality beyond Gaussian states via a single marginal distribution.

A standard method to obtain information on a quantum state is to measure marginal distributions along many different axes in phase space, which forms a basis of quantum-state tomography. We theoretically propose and experimentally demonstrate a general framework to manifest nonclassicality by observing a single marginal distribution only, which provides a unique insight into nonclassicality and a practical applicability to various quantum systems. Our approach maps the 1D marginal distribution into a factorized 2D distribution by multiplying the measured distribution or the vacuum-state distribution along an orthogonal axis.

Counterintuitive dispersion violating Kramers-Kronig relations in gain slabs.

We demonstrate the counterintuitive dispersion effect that the peaks (dips) in the gain spectrum correspond to abnormal (normal) dispersion, contrary to the usual Kramers-Kronig point of view. This effect may also lead to two unique features: a broadband abnormal dispersion region and an observable Hartman effect. These results are explained in terms of interference and boundary effects.

Goos-Hänchen shifts of partially coherent light fields.

The Goos-Hänchen (GH) shift refers to a lateral displacement (from the path expected from geometrical optics) along an interface in totally internal reflection. This phenomenon results from a coherence effect. In order to bring to light the role of coherence, the reflection of partially coherent light fields was investigated within the framework of the theory of coherence.

Ultrabroadband nonreciprocal transverse energy flow of light in linear passive photonic circuits.

Using a technique, analogous to coherent population trapping in an atomic system, we propose schemes to create transverse light propagation violating left-right symmetry in a photonic circuit consisting of three coupled waveguides. The frequency windows for the symmetry breaking of the left-right energy flow span over 80 nm. Our proposed system only uses linear passive optical materials and is easy to integrate on a chip.

Protocol for direct counterfactual quantum communication.

It has long been assumed in physics that for information to travel between two parties in empty space, "Alice" and "Bob," physical particles have to travel between them. Here, using the "chained" quantum Zeno effect, we show how, in the ideal asymptotic limit, information can be transferred between Alice and Bob without any physical particles traveling between them.

Quantum lithography beyond the diffraction limit via Rabi oscillations.

We propose a quantum optical method to do the subwavelength lithography. Our method is similar to the traditional lithography but adding a critical step before dissociating the chemical bound of the photoresist. The subwavelength pattern is achieved by inducing the multi-Rabi oscillation between the two atomic levels.

Loophole-free bell test for continuous variables via wave and particle correlations.

We derive two classes of multimode Bell inequalities under local realistic assumptions, which are violated only by the entangled states negative under partial transposition in accordance with the Peres conjecture. Remarkably, the failure of local realism can be manifested by exploiting wave and particle correlations of readily accessible continuous-variable states, with very large violation of inequalities insensitive to detector efficiency, which makes a strong case for a loophole-free test.

Time evolution of the Lamb shift.

The time evolution of the Lamb shift that accompanies the real photon emission is studied for the first time (to our knowledge). The investigation of the explicit time dependence of the Lamb shift becomes possible because the self-energy of the free electron, which is divergent, is subtracted from the Hamiltonian after a unitary transformation. The Lamb shift can then be separated into two parts: one is the time-independent shift due to the virtual photon exchange, and the other is the time-dependent shift due to the real photon emission.