Biphenylene concentric nanorings as high-performance anode materials for lithium-ion batteries: a DFT-based study on lithium intercalation and capacity enhancement.

Biphenylene network (BPN), a newly discovered two-dimensional sp-hybridized carbon allotrope composed of 4-6-8 carbon rings, shows great potential for energy storage applications. In this study, biphenylene concentric nanorings (BPNCRs), derived from hydrogen-terminated finite-sized BPN units, are explored as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) using density functional theory (DFT) based simulations. The lithium intercalation and adsorption on BPNCRs of varying sizes are investigated.