Overexpression of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α and Its Relation with Aggressiveness and Grade of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) has been shown to be involved in cancer metastasis in several cancer types. There is however conflicting evidence of HIF-1α expression with oral cancer prognosis. Therefore, this study set out to investigate HIF-1α overexpression and its relationship with the aggressiveness and grade of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and to explore the diagnostic potential of HIF-1α overexpression in OSCC in a cohort of Pakistani patients.

Effectiveness of acetaminophen in control of breakthrough pain: Randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To reduce postoperative pain by using additional analgesic agent in between the usual parenteral analgesia that is used in the postoperative period in surgical patients.

Methods: The double-blind, randomised control intervention was conducted from June to November 2015 at Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar, Pakistan, and comprised postoperative surgical patients of either gender aged 18 or more who had undergone uneventful elective surgery The subjects were divided into test and placebo groups. In the test group, 1gm acetaminophen was additionally prescribed, while in the control group placebo (starch) was administered.

Postoperative pain management in the surgical wards of a tertiary care hospital in Peshawar.

Objective: To assess levels of postoperative pain with reference to internationally validated protocols.

Methods: The hospital-based survey of postoperative patients was conducted from February 2012 to April 2012 in the surgical wards of Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar. A questionnaire was devised incorporating internationally validated World Health Organisation pain scoring system to assess the level of pain control.