Perception of Medical Students on Anaesthesiology as a Specialty: A Systematic Review.

Anaesthesia is integral to a wide range of clinical procedures; however, there is a global challenge in the anaesthesia workforce due to several contributing factors. This study seeks to assess the knowledge and perceptions of medical students regarding anaesthesia as a specialty. Understanding these perspectives is essential to addressing the global shortage of anaesthesia professionals.

Implementation of a nurse-led paediatric epistaxis clinic at a tertiary hospital.

Introduction: Referrals for recurrent epistaxis constitute a significant proportion of paediatric ENT consultations. In order to improve access to secondary care, a nurse-led paediatric epistaxis clinic (NPEC) was developed in collaboration with ENT specialist nurses. The purpose of this study was to describe the structure of NPEC at our institution and to assess the impact including safety, parental satisfaction and referral-to-clinic times.

Experimental analysis of free-standing and substrate-constrained Ga-doped ZnO nanostructured thermoelectric films.

Developing thermoelectric films without substrates-free-standing films-eliminates substrate-induced effects on performance and meets the flexibility requirements of emerging wearable thermoelectric applications. This study investigates Gallium-doped Zinc Oxide (GZO), composed of abundant and non-toxic elements, to fabricate a substrate-free GZO film via 3D printing and compares its structural, chemical, and thermoelectric properties with those of a substrate-constrained GZO film produced through chemical deposition. Both films exhibited uniform crystal structures and phase purity; however, the substrate-constrained film displayed additional diffraction peaks, suggesting potential substrate interactions.

Effects of blood donor characteristics and storage on red blood cell haemoglobin β S-nitrosylation.

Background And Objectives: In the setting of tissue hypoxia, S-nitrosylated haemoglobin (SNO-Hb) plays crucial roles in the control of blood flow. This is associated with decreased oxygen affinity to haemoglobin and increase in tissue oxygenation. Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is primarily performed to improve tissue oxygenation in anaemic patients.

Management of post-iliac crest bone harvesting hernias: Insights from a case series and systematic review.

Introduction: Hernias following iliac bone grafting are a rare but significant complication, with the earliest case reported in 1945. Repairing these hernias is challenging. Appropriate repair techniques are needed to minimise morbidity and recurrence.

A Systematic Review of the Incidence and Pattern of Surgical Site Infection in Orthopedic Surgery in Africa.

Surgical site infections (SSIs) are a major health challenge in Africa, leading to poor patient outcomes. This study aims to systematically review and summarize existing research on the rate and patterns of SSIs in orthopedic surgery across Africa. A thorough search was conducted using databases such as Embase (via Ovid), PubMed, Scopus, African Journals Online (AJOL), and Google Scholar for literature published between January 2000 and July 2024.

Multifaceted Exploration of Public Awareness, Government Perspectives, and Community Attitudes Toward HIV.

Aims: The purpose of this research is to quantify the knowledge of students about HIV, social media contribution, and their satisfaction with the government and society's acceptance of HIV patients.

Methodology: A cross-sectional survey of 579 participants was conducted at Punjab University, University of Peshawar, Karachi University, Baluchistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences University, and Quaid-i-Azam University. Student self-administered surveys included demographics, knowledge, government satisfaction, social media rumors, and PLWHA acceptability.

Outcomes and Recurrence Rates Among Patients With Provoked and Cryptogenic Cerebral Venous Thrombosis: Analysis of the ACTION CVT.

Background And Objectives: Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare cause of stroke. While the standard treatment is anticoagulation, the type and duration of anticoagulation depends on the underlying etiology. This study aims to identify prevalence, risk factors, and recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) rates among patients with idiopathic (cryptogenic) CVT and CVT provoked by transient (peripartum, hormonal treatment, infection, trauma) and persistent (cancer, thrombophilia) factors.

Initial cannulation strategy impacts perioperative outcomes of acute type A dissection in high-volume centers.

Objective: We performed an intention-to-treat analysis of initial cannulation strategy to assess the impact on perioperative outcomes in acute type A dissection using multicenter data.

Methods: All patients undergoing surgical repair of acute type A dissection from a multicenter national registry of 9 high-volume aortic centers were analyzed. Cannulation strategies included in the analysis were axillary, femoral, direct aortic, and innominate.

CellKine clinical trial: first report from a phase 1 trial of allogeneic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in subjects with painful lumbar facet joint arthropathy.

Background: Lumbar facet joint arthropathy (LFJA) is a major cause of low back pain (LBP), with current treatments offering limited long-term benefits. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) show promise due to their immunomodulatory and trophic effects, potentially addressing underlying degenerative processes in LFJA.

Objectives: This initial report describes the outcomes of the first treated patient in an ongoing mutidisciplinary phase 1 clinical trial evaluating the safety and feasibility of intra-articular allogeneic BM-MSCs for painful LFJA.

Empowering agriculture: The promise of zinc biofortification in rice.

Zinc (Zn) plays a crucial role in metabolism in both plant and animal life. Zn deficiency is a worldwide problem that has recently gotten worse. This micronutrient shortage can be largely attributed to eating foods that are poor in zinc.

Decoding India's Child Malnutrition Puzzle: A Multivariable Analysis Using a Composite Index.

Background: This study examines the levels and predictors of malnutrition in Indian children under 5 years of age.

Methods: Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure was applied to data from the India National Family Health Survey 2019-2021. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to assess the predictors.

Clinical trials and recent progress in HIV vaccine development.

The greatest obstacle for scientists is to develop an effective HIV vaccine. An effective vaccine represents the last hope for halting the unstoppable global spread of HIV and its catastrophic clinical consequences. Creating this vaccine has been challenging due to the virus's extensive genetic variability and the unique role of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in containing it.

Predicting the mechanical properties of pristine and defective carbon nanotubes using a random forest model.

Data-driven models have lately emerged as a faster and less time-consuming method for computing material properties than computationally expensive conventional molecular dynamics and density functional theory-based simulations. Here, we developed a random forest (RF) model for comprehensively predicting mechanical properties such as stress and Poisson's ratio under varying strain and ultimate tensile strain of pristine and defective carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The variations in stress and Poisson's ratio with the strain of CNTs with a 0.

Discoveries from human stem cell research in space that are relevant to advancing cellular therapies on Earth.

Stem cell research performed in space has provided fundamental insights into stem cell properties and behavior in microgravity including cell proliferation, differentiation, and regeneration capabilities. However, there is broader scientific value to this research including potential translation of stem cell research in space to clinical applications. Here, we present important discoveries from different studies performed in space demonstrating the potential use of human stem cells as well as the limitations in cellular therapeutics.

Risk factors of child malnutrition under 5 years: Evidence from Pakistan using the Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure.

Objectives: Child malnutrition is a very serious health issue globally, particularly in emerging countries. Among South Asian countries, Pakistan has been observed to have a high prevalence of child malnutrition. In spite of the implementation of many health strategies and preventive measures for vulnerable populations, this issue is still unresolved and needs further investigation.