p16 Immunohistochemical Expression in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Association With Prognostic Parameters.

Background p16 is a tumor suppressor gene, over expression of which is considered as a surrogate marker of oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Moreover, p16 over expression correlates with good prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the frequency of p16 overexpression in HNSCC in our setup and its association with clinicopathologic parameters.

Androgen Receptor: Evaluation and Correlation with Recurrence and Clinicopathological Parameters in Papillary Urothelial Carcinomas of the Urinary Bladder.

Papillary urothelial carcinoma (PUC) is the most common malignant tumor of the urinary bladder. Urothelial tumors are notorious for frequent recurrences and follow a chronic relapsing course in most of the patients. In Pakistan, the incidence of PUC is showing a rising trend.

Prognostic Significance of High Androgen Receptor Expression in Prostatic Acinar Adenocarcinoma.

Background: Quantitative immunohistochemical expression of Androgen receptor (AR) has not been evaluated as a prognostic biomarker of prostate cancer in our population, therefore in the current study we aimed to evaluate the association of AR expression in prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma with various prognostic parameters like tumor quantification, Gleason score, WHO grade group and perineural invasion. Methods: Total 121 cases of biopsy proven prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma were selected from records of pathology department archives from January 2013 till December 2017. Hematoxylin and eosin stained slides and paraffin blocks were retrieved and new sections were cut where necessary.

Prognostic significance of p16 & p53 immunohistochemical expression in triple negative breast cancer.

Background: p16 and p53 genes are frequently mutated in triple negative breast cancer & prognostic value of these mutations have been shown; however, their role as immunohistochemical overexpression has not been fully validated. Therefore we aimed to evaluate the association of p16 and p53 overexpression in triple negative breast cancer with various prognostic parameters.

Methods: Total 150 cases of triple negative breast cancers were selected from records of pathology department archives that underwent surgeries at Liaquat National hospital, Karachi from January 2008 till December 2013.

Immunohistochemical over expression of p53 in head and neck Squamous cell carcinoma: clinical and prognostic significance.

Objective: Immunohistochemical over expression of p53 is considered as a marker of poor prognosis in many cancers. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate immunohistochemical overexpression of p53 in 121 cases of head and neck Squamous cell carcinoma and its association with various clinicopathologic features and survival.

Results: Total 66.

Immunohistochemical expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in South Asian head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: association with various risk factors and clinico-pathologic and prognostic parameters.

Background: In this study, we intend to determine the immunohistochemical expression of EGFR in cases of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and its association with prognostic clinico-pathologic features.

Methods: A total of 115 cases of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma treated at Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan, were included in the study. Clinico-pathologic features, risk factors, and recurrence status of cases were evaluated, and EGFR immunohistochemistry was performed.

Cytokeratin 5/6 and cytokeratin 8/18 expression in triple negative breast cancers: clinicopathologic significance in South-Asian population.

Objective: Cytokeratin 5/6 and Cytokeratin 8/18 are basal and luminal markers of breast cancer and they have pathological and prognostic significance in breast cancer. We performed Cytokeratin 5/6 and CK8/18 immunohistochemistry on 150 cases of triple negative breast cancers and association with various clinicopathological features was evaluated.

Results: Positive CK5/6 expression was noted in 8% (12 cases) of TNBC while 2.

Prognostic significance of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) over expression in urothelial carcinoma of urinary bladder.

Background: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been shown to have abnormal expression in many human cancers and is considered as a marker of poor prognosis. Frequency of over expression in bladder cancer has not been studied in our population; therefore we aimed to evaluate the frequency and prognostic significance of EGFR immunohistochemical expression in locoregional population.

Methods: We performed EGFR immunohistochemistry on 126 cases of bladder cancer and association of EGFR expression with tumor grade, lamina propria invasion, deep muscle invasion and recurrence of disease was evaluated.

Androgen receptor expression in endometrial carcinoma and its correlation with clinicopathologic features.

Objectives: Recent evidence suggests a role of androgen receptor expression as a prognostic and therapeutic biomarker in endometrial carcinoma, therefore in the present study we aimed to evaluate the frequency of androgen expression in different subtypes of endometrial carcinoma and its association with clinic-pathologic features.

Results: 18/89 (20.2%) cases of endometrial carcinoma showed positive androgen receptor expression.

Cytokeratin 5/6 expression in bladder cancer: association with clinicopathologic parameters and prognosis.

Objectives: Well differentiated keratinized squamous component as a part of urothelial carcinoma can be easily appreciated; however non-keratinizing squamous differentiation closely resembles urothelial differentiation. In addition prognostic significance of CK 5/6 expression in the absence of apparent squamous differentiation is still unclear. Therefore, in the present study we aimed to evaluate the frequency of CK 5/6 expression in 127 cases of urothelial carcinoma and its prognostic significance in loco-regional population.

Mismatch repair deficiency screening in colorectal carcinoma by a four-antibody immunohistochemical panel in Pakistani population and its correlation with histopathological parameters.

Background: Microsatellite instability (MSI) operates as the second major pathway in the colorectal carcinogenesis. Although genetic testing remains the gold standard for the detection of MSI, the College of American Pathologists (CAP) recommends an initial immunohistochemical workup with a four-antibody panel (MLH1, PMS2, MSH2, and MSH6) to screen for a defective mismatch repair system. An increased trend towards young age colorectal carcinoma (CRC) has been noticed in our population over recent years; however, neither screening for MSI by immunohistochemistry (IHC)/genetic testing was done nor were its morphological features studied.

Latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) expression in Hodgkin lymphoma and its correlation with clinical and histologic parameters.

Background: Hodgkin lymphoma is one of the most prevalent lymphoproliferative disorders in Pakistan; however, no risk factors for this disease have yet to be established in our population. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a well-known risk factor for Hodgkin lymphoma in endemic regions of the world; however, frequency of its association in our population has not been widely studied. Latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a surrogate marker of EBV in Hodgkin lymphoma.

Clinicopathologic features of ovarian neoplasms with emphasis on borderline ovarian tumors: an institutional perspective.

Background: Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy and it represents third most common malignancy in Karachi (after breast and oral cancer). Due to lack of well established cancer registry in our country, changing trends of ovarian tumors has not been determined. Therefore we aimed to establish the current trends and classification of ovarian tumors in our setup according to latest WHO guidelines.

Distribution of Ki67 proliferative indices among WHO subtypes of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: association with other clinical parameters.

Background: Non-hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a diverse group of disease encompassing divergent tumor types with contrasting clinical behaviors. We aimed to evaluate the usefulness of Ki67 index in segregating indolent from aggressive NHL and its association with clinical parameters.

Materials And Methods: During a study period of 4.

Clinicopathologic patterns of adult renal tumors in Pakistan.

Background: Renal cancer is a serious public health problem which may be under reported and registered in our setup, since the Karachi cancer registry documented only 43 cases out of 4,268 incident cancer cases over 3 year duration. Therefore we aimed to determine the clinicopathologic characteristics of adult renal tumors in our setup.

Materials And Methods: The study was conducted in histopathology department, Liaquat National Hospital and included total of 68 cases of adult renal tumors over 4 years.