The Impact of Deleting Stem-Loop 1 of Epstein-Barr Virus-Encoded RNA 1 on Cell Proliferation.

Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNAs (EBERs) are two small, noncoding, structurally conserved transcripts, constitutively expressed at >10 copies per EBV-infected cell. They have been shown to drive cell growth. However, the mechanism(s) involved in EBER-induced proliferation is not clear.

How Viruses Hijack and Modify the Secretory Transport Pathway.

Eukaryotic cells contain dynamic membrane-bound organelles that are constantly remodeled in response to physiological and environmental cues. Key organelles are the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus and the plasma membrane, which are interconnected by vesicular traffic through the secretory transport route. Numerous viruses, especially enveloped viruses, use and modify compartments of the secretory pathway to promote their replication, assembly and cell egression by hijacking the host cell machinery.

Epstein-Barr virus noncoding small RNA (EBER1) induces cell proliferation by up-regulating cellular mitochondrial activity and calcium influx.

Epstein-Barr virus encoded RNAs (EBER1 and EBER2) are two non-polyadenylated, non-protein coding small RNAs expressed at high levels in all forms of EBV latent infections. Although not directly involved in cell transformation, a number of studies have reported that these RNAs may be involved in cell proliferation. However, which of the two EBERs play a major role in this process and the mechanisms involved remains unknown.

Population risk factors for COVID-19 deaths in Nigeria at sub-national level.

Introduction: Nigeria is the most populous country in the African continent. The aim of this study was to analyze risk factors for COVID-19 prevalence and deaths in all 6 geopolitical regions and 37 States in Nigeria.

Methods: we analyzed the data retrieved from various sources, including Nigeria CDC, Nigeria National Bureau of Statistics, Unicef-Nigeria multiple indicator cluster survey and the Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington.

Anti-breast cancer effects of live, heat-killed and cytoplasmic fractions of Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus hominis isolated from human breast milk.

Development of tumour that is resistant to chemotherapeutics and synthetic drugs, coupled with their life-threatening side effects and the adverse effects of surgery and hormone therapies, led to increased research on probiotics' anticancer potentials. The current study investigated the potential of live, heat-killed cells (HKC) and the cytoplasmic fractions (CF) of Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus hominis as anti-breast cancer agents. MCF-7 cell line was treated with 25, 50, 100 and 200 μg/mL each of live, HKC and CF of the bacteria; and cytotoxicity was evaluated for 24, 48 and 72 h using MTT assay.