[Chronic hepatotoxicity evaluation of Chinese medicinal herb Zishen Yutai pill prepared from Polygoni Multiflori Radix preparata in dogs].

To study the chronic hepatotoxicity of Chinese medicine Zishen Yutai pill (ZYP) prepared from Polygonum multiflorum with the recommended dosage in normal Beagle dogs. Low, middle and high doses of ZYP (1.5, 3.

[Correlation of prostate-specific antigen with the progression and metastasis of human prostate cancer].

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a biomarker for the diagnosis and management of prostate cancer and involved in the development of prostate cancer and/or its progression from the localized to the metastatic stage. This review presents an overview of the roles of PSA in promoting the progression and metastasis of human prostate cancer and its underlying mechanisms, including its serine protease activity, interaction with the cellular membrane receptor, and suppression of specific immune responsiveness, and also points out some of the key problems to be solved.

Effect of maternal folic acid supplementation on prostatitis risk in the rat offspring.

Purpose: Folic acid (FA) intake has increased to high levels in many countries for the prevention of neural tube defects. However, the impact of excess FA intake, particularly before and during pregnancy, requires further investigation. Our aim was to investigate the effect of maternal folic acid supplementation on prostatitis risk in the rat offspring.

A mathematical model for predicting putative association between E2/T ratio and the development of benign prostate hyperplasia in rats.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) develops more likely with increasing age and changing serum concentrations of circulating estradiol (E2) and/or testosterone (T). In this study, we explored the relationship between serum E2/T ratio and BPH risk in rats by fitting a mathematical model. A total of 176 rats were randomized to one of the following treatment groups: normal control, castrated control, and 20 more groups of castrated animals treated with increasing dose combinations of T and E2, once daily for 30 days.

[Gene regulation of prostaglandin synthase and prostate diseases].

Prostaglandin synthase (PGS) can catalyze the production of various types of prostaglandins and regulate the expression levels of related substances. The regulation mechanisms of the PGS gene are closely related with the occurrence and development of prostate diseases. However, few studies are reported on the regulation mechanisms of PGS in prostatic diseases, such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa), or on the relationship between PGS gene regulation and prostate diseases.

Oral exposure of low-dose bisphenol A promotes proliferation of dorsolateral prostate and induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition in aged rats.

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a well-known endocrine disruptor compound reported to have prostate toxicity. This study aimed to assess the effect of BPA on the proliferation of dorsolateral prostate (DLP) and the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related genes in aged rats. Male aged SD rats were treated with BPA (10.

Effect of Mono-2-ethyhexyl Phthalate on DNA Methylation in Human Prostate Cancer LNCaP Cells.

Objective: To evaluate whether mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) affects genomic DNA methylation and the methylation status of some specific genes such as patched gene (PTCH) and smoothened gene (SMO) in LNCaP cells.

Methods: LNCaP cells were treated with MEHP (0, 1, 5, 10, and 25 μmol/L) for 3 days. An ELISA assay was preformed to detect genomic methylation, including 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) content.

[Research progress in mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome].

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous endocrine disorder, which is characterized by hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance and chronic anovulation, and has become a serious threat to the health of adolescents and women of childbearing age.At present,lowering androgen, improving insulin resistance and inducing ovulation are the main methods adopted by doctors to treat the disease, but the adverse reactions of the western medicine and the long-term treatment are hard to be accepted by the patients. PCOS treated by traditional Chinese medicine has achieved a certain effect in recent years.

Pharmacodynamic study of I-labeled CA215 antibody on an animal model of estrogen-resistant OC-3-VGH ovarian cancer.

The aim of the present study was to explore the inhibitory effect of I-labeled ovarian cancer antigen 215 (I-CA215) antibody on human OC-3-VGH ovarian cancer. A subcutaneous transplanted tumor model of estrogen-resistant human OC-3-VGH ovarian cancer in nude mice was established. The model mice were randomly divided into seven groups, which were the negative control (NC), positive control (PC; 60 mg/kg cyclophosphamide), high-dose CA215 antibody (HA; 10 mg/kg), low-dose CA215 antibody (LA; 2 mg/kg), high-dose I-CA215 antibody (I-HA; 10 mg/kg + 125 μCi), medium-dose I-CA215 antibody (I-MA; 6 mg/kg + 75 μCi) and low-dose I-CA215 antibody (I-LA; 2 mg/kg + 25 μCi) groups.

Studies on the characteristics and mechanisms of testicular toxicity induced by Hydroxyurea.

Objective: Apoptosis plays a dominant role in both spontaneous spermatogenesis and germ cell death. This study was aimed to investigate the functions of related genes in testicular germ cell death induced by Hydroxyurea (HU).

Method: Wild-type (WT) and FasL transgenic (TG) DBA/C57BL mice were intraperitoneal injected with 400 mg/kg HU.

The alteration of inflammatory markers and apoptosis on chronic prostatitis induced by estrogen and androgen.

Purpose: The age-related decline of the testosterone-to-estrogen (T-to-E2) ratio in serum is associated with the increased prevalence of prostatic inflammation. The goal of the study was to induce prostatic inflammation with E2 and androgen treatment and to explore the inflammatory markers and apoptosis on prostatitis.

Methods: Castrated SD rats were treated with E2 and different doses of androgens to achieve an elevated concentration of E2 and a wide range of the androgen-to-E2 ratio in serum.

Cancer immunotherapy using a potent immunodominant CTL epitope.

Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising approach that can be used in conjunction with conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy to further improve the survival rate of patients with advanced cancer. We have recently shown in previous studies that chemotherapy and radiation therapy can alter the tumor microenvironment and allow intratumoral vaccination to prime the adaptive immune system leading to the generation of antigen-specific cell-mediated immune responses. Here, we investigated whether intratumoral injection of a foreign immunodominant peptide (GP33) and the adjuvant CpG into tumors following cisplatin chemotherapy could lead to potent antitumor effects and antigen-specific cell-mediated immune responses.

[Categories and characteristics of BPH drug evaluation models: a comparative study].

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a worldwide common disease in men over 50 years old, and the exact cause of BPH remains largely unknown. In order to elucidate its pathogenesis and screen effective drugs for the treatment of BPH, many BPH models have been developed at home and abroad. This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the categories and characteristics of BPH drug evaluation models, highlighting the application value of each model, to provide a theoretical basis for the development of BPH drugs.

[Establishment of an in vitro screening model for steroid 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors with the microplate reader].

Objective: To establish an in vitro screening model for steroid 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors using the microplate reader.

Methods: Steroid 5 alpha-reductase was obtained from the liver of female rats, an in vitro screening model for steroid 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors established using the 96-well plate and microplate reader after determination of the enzymatic activity, and the reliability of the model verified with the known 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors epristeride and finasteride. Added to the 96-well plate were the final concentrations of testosterone (0-40 micromol/L), NADPH (22 micromol/L), epristeride (0-60 nmol/L) or finasteride (0-60 nmol/ L) and steroid 5 alpha-reductase (20 microl), the total volume of each well adjusted to 200 microl with Tris-Hcl buffer.

Oral exposure to low-dose bisphenol A aggravates testosterone-induced benign hyperplasia prostate in rats.

The declining level of androgen during aging, associated with an inclining level of estrogen, has been hypothesized to be important in the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Within physiologic range, increasing estrogen levels can stimulate prostate to develop and permanently increase prostate size. As an estrogenic endocrine disruptor, bisphenol A (BPA) might be stimulatory to prostate development.

Possible mechanism of benign prostatic hyperplasia induced by androgen-estrogen ratios in castrated rats.

Objectives: To explore the role of androgen-estrogen balance in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) induced by varying doses of estradiol/testosterone propionate (E(2)/TP) in castrated rats.

Materials And Methods: A total of 222 rats were divided into 37 groups at random, including 35 groups of different E(2)/TP, one control, and one castrated group. All 37 groups except the control group were castrated, for eliminating endogenesis of testosterone in rats.

Mitosis orientation in prostate epithelial cells changed by endocrine effect.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of androgen and estrogen on mitosis orientation in the prostate epithelial cells of male rats.

Methods: Castrated rats were treated with a single injection of testosterone propionate (TP) or benzogynestry (E2). There were 8 rats in the control group and TP-treated or E2-treated group.

Effects of gestrinone on uterine leiomyoma and expression of c-Src in a guinea pig model.

Aim: To investigate the effect of gestrinone on uterine leiomyomas and the expression of c-Src, estradiol receptors (ER), and progesterone receptors (PR) in a guinea pig model.

Methods: After being oophorectomized, the guinea pigs were allocated into random groups. The model group was treated with estradiol benzoate (E2) for 16 weeks.

Differential metastasis-associated gene analysis of prostate carcinoma cells derived from primary tumor and spontaneous lymphatic metastasis in nude mice with orthotopic implantation of PC-3M cells.

The purpose of these studies was to explore the genes associated with invasion and metastasis of human prostatic carcinoma line PC-3M in nude mice. After PC-3M cells were inoculated in orthotopic site (prostate) in male nude mice for two months, tumor cells were isolated from primary tumor and lymph node metastasis in the same mouse, respectively. Cell invasion and adhesion ability in vitro were first compared between two cell lines.

[DNA damages of liver cells and expressions of DNA damage repair genes in rats exposed to vinyl chloride monomer].

Objective: To study DNA damages of liver cells in rats exposed to vinyl chloride monomer (VCM), and the expressions of DNA damage repair enzymes including O(6)-methyl guanine-DNA methyl transferase (MGMT), X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) and X-ray repair cross-complementing group 3 (XRCC3); and to explore the repair mechanism of DNA damage induced by VCM.

Methods: Rats were exposed to VCM by intraperitoneal injection. DNA damages were detected by single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay).

[Establishment of prostatic hyperplasia model with castration beagle canines].

Objective: To establish a prostatic hyperplasia model with Beagle canines.

Methods: Twenty-four two-year-old male Beagle canines were divided into treatment and control groups at random and were administrated testosterone propionate (TP) through intramuscular injection two months after castration. Three treatment groups were given 0.