The Potential Influence of the Presence of Mycotoxins in Human Follicular Fluid on Reproductive Outcomes.

The effect of mycotoxin exposure on follicular fluid composition and reproductive outcomes in women undergoing in vitro fertilisation (IVF) was investigated in this study. Twenty-five patients were included, and follicular fluid and serum samples were analysed for various mycotoxins. Principal observations:1.

Effects of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Microplastic Particles on Gut Microbiota Composition and Health Status in Rabbit Livestock.

The widespread use of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and its entry into humans and livestock is of serious concern. In our study, we investigated the impact of PVC treatments on physiological, pathological, hormonal, and microbiota changes in female rabbits. Trend-like alterations in weight were observed in the spleen, liver, and kidney in both low (P1) and high dose (P2) PVC treatment groups.

The Possible Role of Mycotoxins in the Pathogenesis of Endometrial Cancer.

Endometrial cancer is one of the most common cancer types among women. Many factors can contribute to the development of this disease, including environmental factors and, thus, eating habits. Our study aims to determine the levels of various mycotoxins and their metabolites in the blood serum and endometrial tissue samples of participants with previously proven endometrial cancer and to find possible contributions to cancer development.

First Results on the Presence of Mycotoxins in the Liver of Pregnant Fallow Deer () Hinds and Fetuses.

Reproductive abnormalities have been observed in fallow deer populations in Hungary. We supposed mycotoxin contamination to be one of the possible causes because multi-mycotoxin contamination is known to be dangerous even at low toxin levels, especially for young animals. We investigated the spatial pattern of mycotoxin occurrences and the relationship between maternal and fetal mycotoxin levels.

[Possible applications of poultry immunoglobulins focusing on mycotoxin environmental loads and human influence].

In addition to their role, immunoglobulins can be used in animal and human diagnostic (immunoassay-based) measurements, prophylaxis and (immuno)therapy. For these purposes, today's "alternative" that is advantageous from an animal ethical point of view is the bird immunoglobulin Y isolated from egg yolk. Its development and production are cost-effective, the complexity is low, and due to its advantageous properties, it can be used in assays or even more so in medical therapies (primarily passive immunization).

Elaboration of massage technique for semen collection and examination of semen characteristics in chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera).

The practice of artificial insemination for the long-tailed chinchilla has not been fully elaborated to date, and existing data available regarding their reproduction properties is contradictory. Until now, the collection of semen for chinchillas has been most-commonly obtained using electro-ejaculation methods exclusively. The primary objective of this study was the development of a manual technique for semen collection which meets all animal welfare requirements.

Transcriptome profiling of kisspeptin neurons from the mouse arcuate nucleus reveals new mechanisms in estrogenic control of fertility.

Kisspeptin neurons in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) are critical targets of ovarian estrogen feedback regulating mammalian fertility. To reveal molecular mechanisms underlying this signaling, we thoroughly characterized the estrogen-regulated transcriptome of kisspeptin cells from ovariectomized transgenic mice substituted with 17β-estradiol or vehicle. MBH kisspeptin neurons were harvested using laser-capture microdissection, pooled, and subjected to RNA sequencing.

Effects of Single and Repeated Oral Doses of Ochratoxin A on the Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Defense Systems in Mouse Kidneys.

Ochratoxin-A (OTA) is a carcinogenic and nephrotoxic mycotoxin, which may cause health problems in humans and animals, and it is a contaminant in foods and feeds. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the effect of oral OTA exposure on the antioxidant defense and lipid peroxidation in the kidney. In vivo administration of OTA in CD1, male mice (1 or 10 mg/kg body weight in a single oral dose for 24 h and repeated daily oral dose for 72 h or repeated daily oral dose of 0.

Flow cytometry based rapid duplexed immunoassay for fusarium mycotoxins.

At small food processing facilities, the most frequently used test to determine if grain-derived mycotoxin concentrations are compliant with legal limits is the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Each kit is designed to detect one of the six dangerous mycotoxins. With the increasing occurrence of coinfection of grain with multiple-mycotoxins in the field and/or during storage, ELISA is no longer a cost effective best assay option.

Xenoestrogens Ethinyl Estradiol and Zearalenone Cause Precocious Puberty in Female Rats via Central Kisspeptin Signaling.

Xenoestrogens from synthetic or natural origin represent an increasing risk of disrupted endocrine functions including the physiological activity of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonad axis. Ethinyl estradiol (EE2) is a synthetic estrogen used in contraceptive pills, whereas zearalenone (ZEA) is a natural mycoestrogen found with increasing prevalence in various cereal crops. Both EE2 and ZEA are agonists of estrogen receptor-α and accelerate puberty.

A new ochratoxin A biodegradation strategy using Cupriavidus basilensis Őr16 strain.

Ochratoxin-A (OTA) is a mycotoxin with possibly carcinogenic and nephrotoxic effects in humans and animals. OTA is often found as a contaminant in agricultural commodities. The aim of the present work was to evaluate OTA-degrading and detoxifying potential of Cupriavidus basilensis ŐR16 strain.

Comparison and evaluation of seven different bench-top flow cytometers with a modified six-plexed mycotoxin kit.

Many bench-top flow cytometers (b-FCs) are compatible with microsphere-based multiplexed assays. Disciplines implementing b-FCs-based assays are expanding; they include monitoring and validating food quality. A multiplexed platform protocol was evaluated for poly-mycotoxin assays, which is compatible with a variety of b-FC models.

Effect of sex ratios, spiking and extra artificial insemination on the breeding efficiency of broiler breeders.

Since early fertility decline is a permanent problem of broiler breeders, the aim of this study was to test the effects of various sex ratios, spiking strategies and additional artificial inseminations (AI) on their breeding efficiency. Six breeder flocks were analysed during the whole reproduction cycle. In Flock A the sex ratio was maintained at 10% during the whole cycle (control), while in Flock B the number of males was increased to a final ratio of 16%.

A new zearalenone biodegradation strategy using non-pathogenic Rhodococcus pyridinivorans K408 strain.

Zearalenone (hereafter referred to as ZEA) is a nonsteroidal estrogenic mycotoxin produced by several Fusarium spp. on cereal grains. ZEA is one of the most hazardous natural endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC) which induces hyper estrogenic responses in mammals.

Differential regulation of hypothalamic neuropeptide Y hnRNA and mRNA during psychological stress and insulin-induced hypoglycemia.

Many signals reflecting energy balance and stress are integrated at the hypothalamic orexigenic NPY neurons. To determine transcriptional changes of the NPY gene in response to stress, we followed the time course and compared the expression of heteronuclear (hn)- and messenger (m)RNA levels by in situ hybridization histochemistry and by real time PCR in mice following insulin-induced hypoglycemia and restraint. Hypoglycemia in fasted mice resulted in a rapid increase of NPY hnRNA that peaked at 1h, declined thereafter by 2-4h after insulin injection and run parallel to that of NPY mRNA.