Circularly polarized carrier-envelope-phase stable attosecond pulse generation based on coherent undulator radiation.

In this Letter, we present a new method for generation of circularly polarized attosecond pulses. According to our calculations, shape-controlled, carrier-envelope-phase stable pulses of several hundred nanojoule energy could be produced by exploitation of the coherent undulator radiation of an electron bunch. Our calculations are based on an existing particle accelerator system (FLASH II in DESY, Germany).

The role of hemorheological factors in cardiovascular medicine.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the most frequent cause of death throughout the world. The coronary vessel system is a special part of the circulation since there is a continuous change in blood flow, perfusion pressure and shear rate during each cardiac cycle. It is also the place of the narrowest capillaries in the human body, therefore the role of rheological alterations may be of greater importance than in the other parts of the circulatory system.

Reviewing data reduction methods for ektacytometry.

Ektacytometry quantifies erythrocyte deformability by measuring the elongation of suspended red blood cells subjected to a range of shear stresses. Raw shear stress-elongation index plots are difficult to interpret and thus data reduction methods characterizing the relationship using few parameters without loss of information and good reproducibility are essential, especially for the clinician. Two such curve fitting formulas, used widely in the literature for this purpose, are reviewed herein.

Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide in the retina: focus on the retinoprotective effects.

Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a neurotrophic and neuroprotective peptide that has been shown to exert protective effects against different neuronal injuries, such as traumatic brain and spinal cord injury, models of neurodegenerative diseases, and cerebral ischemia. PACAP and its receptors are present in the retina. In this study, we summarize the current knowledge on retinal PACAP with focus on the retinoprotective effects.

In vitro hemorheological effects of red wine and alcohol-free red wine extract.

The French paradox is based on epidemiological evidence which supports that moderate red wine consumption reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases. A number of experimental animal studies reported favourable cardiovascular effects of alcohol-free red wine extract (AFRW). Our study was designed to determine red wine and AFRW induced changes in various hemorheological parameters.

Hemorheological disturbances in patients with chronic cerebrovascular diseases.

Hemorheological disturbances may occur in more than 40% of patients with ischemic cerebrovascular diseases. In this study the changes of rheological factors--hematocrit, plasma fibrinogen concentration, whole blood and plasma viscosity, red blood cell aggregation and deformability were investigated in 297 patients (173 males, 124 females, mean age 60 +/- 11 years) with transient ischemic attack or chronic phase (> 3 months after onset) ischemic stroke, and in 73 healthy volunteers (35 males, 38 females, mean age 38 +/- 7 years). Hematocrit, plasma and whole blood viscosity were significantly (p < 0.

Follow-up of hemorheological parameters and platelet aggregation in patients with acute coronary syndromes.

Pathologic hemorheological parameters and increased platelet aggregation in association with other risk factors significantly increase the possibility of the development of myocardial ischemia. Hemorheological parameters and platelet aggregation were investigated in 157 patients (mean age: 65+/-12 years) with acute coronary syndromes and in 68 healthy subjects (mean age: 36+/-6 years). Plasma fibrinogen, plasma and whole blood viscosity, red blood cell aggregation and filterability and platelet aggregation were measured in the hospital phase (after admission, on 2nd and 6th days) and monitored after discharge (at 1, 6 and 12 months).

Hemorheological alterations in patients with diabetic retinopathy.

Hemorheological factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of different cardiovascular diseases. Diabetes mellitus resulting in micro- and macroangiopathies is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. In our present study the hemorheological parameters (hematocrit, plasma fibrinogen level, plasma and whole blood viscosity, red blood cell aggregation) of 30 diabetic patients (mean age: 57 +/- 12 years) and 30 healthy volunteers (mean age: 31 +/- 10 years) were examined.