Concurrent bladder cancer in patients undergoing photodynamic diagnostic ureterorenoscopy: how many lesions do we miss under white light cystoscopy?

Introduction: There is an ongoing debate on panurothelial changes in the upper and lower urinary tract as multifocal presentation of urothelial cancer is well recognised. Concurrent bladder cancer impacts the outcome of the upper urinary tract urothelial cancer treatment, while its detection still relies on the white light cystoscopy.

Material And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all patients who underwent photodynamic diagnostic ureterorenoscopy, choosing those who had synchronous bladder biopsies.

Carbon dioxide laser treatment of penile intraepithelial neoplasia.

Introduction & Objective: The non-invasive nature of penile intraepithelial neoplasia (PeIN) allows for curative penile sparing therapy and is recommended, in their guidelines, by the European Association of Urology (EAU). Treatment options include topical chemotherapy, immunotherapy, laser treatment, photodynamic therapy and surgical excision. Our primary aim was to evaluate the outcome of carbon dioxide (CO) laser treatment of penile intraepithelial neoplasia.

Photodynamic diagnostic ureterorenoscopy: A valuable tool in the detection of upper urinary tract tumour.

Background: Photodynamic diagnosis increases the detection rate and hence decreases recurrence rates of urothelial cancer (UC) of the bladder. This technique has been implemented in the upper urinary tract and like in the bladder, has shown to increase the detection rate of urothelial lesions.

Objectives: To determine the sensitivity, specificity, and detection rates for photodynamic diagnostic flexible ureterorenoscopy (PDD-FURS) and white light ureterorenoscopy (WL-FURS).

Should We Use Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Flexible Cystoscopy? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: The role of antibiotic prophylaxis for routine flexible cystoscopy (FC) is not clear due to the varying practices of individual clinicians. There are no formal guidelines, and this may be due to a lack of formal summary of the data.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted in April 2014 including all randomised control trials on prophylactic antibiotic use for FC.

Atrophy of the tongue as the presenting feature of metastatic prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed solid organ cancer in men and is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men in the United Kingdom. Commonly, it metastasizes to bones and lymph nodes, however, in advanced hormonerefractory disease it may involve the skull base leading to associated cranial nerve palsies. Cranial nerve palsy as the presenting feature of advanced hormone-sensitive prostate cancer is extremely rare.