Oxic urban rivers as a potential source of atmospheric methane.

Urban rivers play a vital role in global methane (CH) emissions. Previous studies have mainly focused on CH concentrations in urban rivers with a large amount of organic sediment. However, to date, the CH concentration in gravel-bed urban rivers with very little organic sediment has not been well documented.

SAG1 targeting host cell S100A6 for parasite invasion and host immunity.

surface antigen 1 (SAG1) is a surface protein of tachyzoites, which plays a crucial role in infection and host cell immune regulation. However, how SAG1 regulates these processes remains elucidated. We utilized the biotin ligase -TurboID fusion with SAG1 to identify the host proteins interacting with SAG1, and identified that S100A6 was co-localized with SAG1 when attached to the host cell.

New insights into eutrophication management: Importance of temperature and water residence time.

Eutrophication and harmful cyanobacterial blooms threaten water resources all over the world. There is a great controversy about controlling only phosphorus or controlling both nitrogen and phosphorus in the management of lake eutrophication. The primary argument against the dual nutrients control of eutrophication is that nitrogen fixation can compensate the nitrogen deficits.

Atmospheric Stilling Promotes Summer Algal Growth in Eutrophic Shallow Lakes.

Algal blooms are environmental challenges confronting lakes worldwide and are significantly influenced by chlorophyll yields per unit phosphorus (Chl/TP), or nitrogen (Chl/TN). Here, the influence of inter-annual hydrometeorological variations on Chl/TP and Chl/TN were evaluated in eutrophic shallow Lake Taihu, China. Our results demonstrated significant increases ( < 0.

HIV-1 Nef blocks the development of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells into myeloid-erythroid lineage cells.

Background: A variety of hematopoietic abnormalities are commonly seen in human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infected individuals despite antiviral therapy, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Nef plays an important role in HIV-1 induced T cell loss and disease progression, but it is not known whether Nef participates in other hematopoietic abnormalities associated with infection.

Results: In the current study we investigated the influence of HIV-1 Nef (LAI Nef) on the development of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) into myeloid-erythroid lineage cells, and found that nef expression in HSPCs blocked their differentiation both in vitro and in humanized mice reconstituted with nef-expressing HSPCs.

Exploring Microenvironment Strategies to Delay Mesenchymal Stem Cell Senescence.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have recently emerged as an important candidate for cell therapy and tissue regeneration. However, some limitations in translational research and therapies still exist, such as insufficient cell supply, inadequate differentiation potential, and decreased immune capacity, all of which result from replicative senescence during long-term in vitro culture. In vitro, stem cells lack a protective microenvironment owing to the absence of physical and biochemical cues compared with the in vivo niche, which provides dynamic physicochemical and biological cues.

Drug Transporters in the Kidney: Perspectives on Species Differences, Disease Status, and Molecular Docking.

The kidneys are a pair of important organs that excretes endogenous waste and exogenous biological agents from the body. Numerous transporters are involved in the excretion process. The levels of these transporters could affect the pharmacokinetics of many drugs, such as organic anion drugs, organic cationic drugs, and peptide drugs.

Deep learning for automatic target volume segmentation in radiation therapy: a review.

Deep learning, a new branch of machine learning algorithm, has emerged as a fast growing trend in medical imaging and become the state-of-the-art method in various clinical applications such as Radiology, Histo-pathology and Radiation Oncology. Specifically in radiation oncology, deep learning has shown its power in performing automatic segmentation tasks in radiation therapy for Organs-At-Risks (OAR), given its potential in improving the efficiency of OAR contouring and reducing the inter- and intra-observer variabilities. The similar interests were shared for target volume segmentation, an essential step of radiation therapy treatment planning, where the gross tumor volume is defined and microscopic spread is encompassed.

[Advances of using microfluidic chips for research and diagnosis of pulmonary inflammatory diseases].

Microfluidic chip technology integrates the sample preparation, reaction, separation and detection on a chip. It consists a network of microchannels, which controls the whole system through fluid. With the advantages of portability, high throughput, and the ability to simulate the microenvironment in vivo, it has a broad application prospect in the research of disease diagnosis, pathogenesis and drug screening.

Targeting the Ang2/Tie2 Axis with Tanshinone IIA Elicits Vascular Normalization in Ischemic Injury and Colon Cancer.

Pathological angiogenesis, as exhibited by aberrant vascular structure and function, has been well deemed to be a hallmark of cancer and various ischemic diseases. Therefore, strategies to normalize vasculature are of potential therapeutic interest in these diseases. Recently, identifying bioactive compounds from medicinal plant extracts to reverse abnormal vasculature has been gaining increasing attention.

Curcumin mediates repulsive guidance molecule B (RGMb) in the treatment mechanism of renal fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction.

In this study, we explored the role and mechanism of repulsive guidance molecule B (RGMb, also known as Dragon) in the protective effects of curcumin against renal fibrosis and verified Dragon's effect on renal tubular epithelial cell apoptosis and cell programmability. Unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) was surgically induced in rats to establish a model of renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF). The rats were then treated with curcumin.

A proof-of-concept study of an in-situ partial-ring time-of-flight PET scanner for proton beam verification.

Development of a PET system capable of imaging requires a design that can accommodate the proton treatment beam nozzle. Among the several PET instrumentation approaches developed thus far, the dual-panel PET scanner is often used as it is simpler to develop and integrate within the proton therapy gantry. Partial-angle coverage of these systems can however lead to limited-angle artefacts in the reconstructed PET image.

Photoaging enhanced the adverse effects of polyamide microplastics on the growth, intestinal health, and lipid absorption in developing zebrafish.

The safety of microplastics (MPs) and associated health effects has been one of the major concerns worldwide. However, the role of photoaging toward the risk of MPs in water ecosystems remains inconclusive yet. In this study, the size of polyamide (PA, ∼32.

Hydrogen sulfide antagonizes sleep deprivation-induced depression- and anxiety-like behaviors by inhibiting neuroinflammation in a hippocampal Sirt1-dependent manner.

Increasing evidence confirms that sleep deprivation (SD), which induces hippocampal neuroinflammation, is a risk factor for depression. Hydrogen sulfide (HS) is a novel neuromodulator that plays antidepressant-like role. Silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (Sirt1) is well-characterized as a regulator of mood disorder.

Impact of algal extracellular polymeric substances on the environmental fate and risk of molybdenum disulfide in aqueous media.

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS) poses great potential in water treatment as a popular transition metal dichalcogenide, arousing considerable concern regarding its fates and risk in aquatic environments. This study revealed that the interplay with extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of freshwater algae significantly changed the properties and toxicity of MoS to aquatic fish. The predominant binding of aromatic compounds, polysaccharides, and carboxyl-rich proteins in EPS on the 1T polymorph of MoS via hydrophilic effects and the preferential adsorption of carboxylic groups contributed to morphological alterations, structural disorders (band gap and phase alterations), and the attenuated aggregation of MoS in aqueous solutions.

Use of metoclopramide in the first trimester and risk of major congenital malformations: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy affects up to 80% of pregnant women, it typically occurs during the first trimester which is the most sensitive time for environmental exposures given organogenesis. Metoclopramide is an antiemetic drug used widely during NVP, but the findings of studies evaluating its safety of use in pregnancy is inconsistent. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess whether metoclopramide use during first trimester of pregnancy is associated with the risk of major congenital malformations.

Comparative genome analysis of Clostridium beijerinckii strains isolated from pit mud of Chinese strong flavor baijiu ecosystem.

Clostridium beijerinckii is a well-known anaerobic solventogenic bacterium which inhabits a wide range of different niches. Previously, we isolated five butyrate-producing C. beijerinckii strains from pit mud (PM) of strong-flavor baijiu (SFB) ecosystems.

Sodium hydrosulfide reverses β-microglobulin-induced depressive-like behaviors of male Sprague-Dawley rats: Involving improvement of synaptic plasticity and enhancement of Warburg effect in hippocampus.

Background: Our previous works demonstrated that β2-microglobulin (β2m), a systemic pro-aging factor, induce depressive-like behaviors. Hydrogen sulfide (HS) is identified as a potential target for treatment of depression. The aim of the present work is to explore whether HS antagonizes β2m-induced depressive-like behaviors and the underlying mechanisms.

Hydrogen sulphide attenuates neuronal apoptosis of substantia nigra by re-establishing autophagic flux via promoting leptin signalling in a 6-hydroxydopamine rat model of Parkinson's disease.

Previous studies reveal that hydrogen sulphide (H S) exerts neuroprotection against neurotoxin-induced Parkinson's disease (PD), but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. The present study was aimed to investigate whether H S inhibits neuronal apoptosis of substantia nigra with the involvement of autophagy via promoting leptin signalling in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced PD rats. In this study, neuronal apoptosis was analysed by TUNEL staining, the activity of caspase-3 was measured by Caspase-3 fluorometric assay kit, the expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, Beclin-1, LC3II, P62 and leptin were determined by Western blot analysis, and the numbers of autophagosomes and autolysosomes were assessed by transmission electron microscopy.

Photoinduced transformation of silver ion by molybdenum disulfide nanoflakes at environmentally relevant concentrations attenuates its toxicity to freshwater algae.

The transformation of Ag is strongly correlated with its risks in aquatic environment. Considering the wide application of molybdenum disulfide (MoS) and the inevitable release into the environment, the effects of MoS on Ag transformation and toxicity are of great concerns. This study revealed the pH-dependent reduction of Ag (0.

An overview and future prospects of recombinant protein production in Bacillus subtilis.

Bacillus subtilis is a well-characterized Gram-positive bacterium and a valuable host for recombinant protein production because of its efficient secretion ability, high yield, and non-toxicity. Here, we comprehensively review the recent studies on recombinant protein production in B. subtilis to update and supplement other previous reviews.

Scalp Acupuncture Protects Against Neuronal Ferroptosis by Activating The p62-Keap1-Nrf2 Pathway in Rat Models of Intracranial Haemorrhage.

Intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) can be a catastrophic event; even if the initial stages of the pathology were well-managed, a number of patients experience varied residual neurological deficits following the insult. Ferroptosis is a recently identified type of cell demise which is tightly linked to the neurological impairment associated with ICH. In the current work, the prophylactic impact of scalp acupuncture (SA) therapy on autologous blood injection murine models of ICH was investigated in order to establish whether SA could mitigate the secondary damage arising following ICH by moderating ferroptosis.

Collective behaviors of mean-field coupled Stuart-Landau limit-cycle oscillators under additional repulsive links.

We study the collective behaviors of a large population of Stuart-Landau limit-cycle oscillators that coupled diffusively and equally with all of the others via the conjugate of the mean field, where the underlying interaction is shown to break the rotational symmetry of the coupled system. In the model, an ensemble of Stuart-Landau oscillators are in fact diffusively coupled via the mean field in the real parts, whereas additional repulsive links are present in the imaginary parts. All the oscillators are linked via the similar state variables, which distinctly differs from the conjugate coupling through dissimilar variables in the previous studies.

IMpower150 Final Overall Survival Analyses for Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab and Chemotherapy in First-Line Metastatic Nonsquamous NSCLC.

Introduction: We report the final overall survival (OS) analyses of atezolizumab-carboplatin-paclitaxel (ACP [experimental arm]) and OS data with approximately 39.8 months of median follow-up with atezolizumab-bevacizumab-carboplatin-paclitaxel (ABCP) versus bevacizumab-carboplatin-paclitaxel (BCP) in chemotherapy-naive patients with metastatic nonsquamous NSCLC in the phase 3 IMpower150 study (NCT02366143).

Methods: In this randomized, open-label study (N = 1202), coprimary end points included investigator-assessed progression-free survival and OS in intention-to-treat (ITT) wild-type (WT; no EGFR or ALK alterations) patients.