Cephalometric analyses of the correlation between nasal and maxilla morphology among adult patients with cleft.

Objective: To explore if the nasal profile is influenced by maxillary hypoplasia among patients with congenital cleft lip and palate.

Methods: Young adult patients with cleft and noncleft controls were enrolled. Nasal and maxillary profiles were measured on lateral cephalometric radiographs.

Measurement of the root surface area in rat molars through three-dimensional modeling.

Objectives: Rats are used as animal models for basic and applied research related to orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). The magnitude of mechanical force in OTM rat models mainly depends on the supporting capability of the periodontal ligament (PDL), which is highly associated with the root surface area (RSA). But the size of rat RSA remains unknown, which is the reason why there are still debates on the magnitude of mechanical force in OTM rat models.

3D Printing Hierarchical Porous Nanofibrous Scaffold for Bone Regeneration.

Current limitations in 3D printing pose significant challenges for the fabrication of hierarchical 3D scaffolds with nanofibrous structures that simulate the natural bone extracellular matrix (ECM) for enhanced bone regeneration. This study presents an innovative approach to 3D printing customized hierarchical porous scaffolds with nanofiber structures using biodegradable nanofibrous microspheres as the bio-ink. In vitro investigations demonstrate that the hierarchical porous architecture substantially enhances cell infiltration and proliferation rates, while the nanofiber topology provides physical cues to guide osteogenic differentiation and ECM deposition.

Natural compound phloretin restores periodontal immune homeostasis via HIF-1α-regulated PI3K/Akt and glycolysis in macrophages.

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects about 45 %-50 % of adults worldwide, but the efficacy of current clinical therapies is unsatisfactory due to the complicated periodontal immune microenvironment. Thus, developing drugs that can regulate innate immune cells (e.g.

ECM-Mimicking Strontium-Doped Nanofibrous Microspheres for Periodontal Tissue Regeneration in Osteoporosis.

Regenerating periodontal defects in osteoporosis patients presents a significant clinical challenge. Unlike the relatively straightforward regeneration of homogeneous bone tissue, periodontal regeneration requires the intricate reconstruction of the cementum-periodontal ligament-alveolar bone interface. Strontium (Sr)-doped biomaterials have been extensively utilized in bone tissue engineering due to their remarkable pro-osteogenic attributes.

[Research Progress in the Regulatory Role of circRNA-miRNA Network in Bone Remodeling].

The dynamic balance between bone formation and bone resorption is a critical process of bone remodeling. The imbalance of bone formation and bone resorption is closely associated with the occurrence and development of various bone-related diseases. Under both physiological and pathological conditions, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a crucial regulatory role in protein expression through either inhibiting mRNAs translation or promoting mRNAs degradation.

[Role of Fibroblast Growth Factor 7 in Craniomaxillofacial Development].

Craniomaxillofacial development involves a series of highly ordered temporal-spatial cellular differentiation processes in which a variety of cell signaling factors, such as fibroblast growth factors, play important regulatory roles. As a classic fibroblast growth factor, fibroblast growth factor 7 (FGF7) serves a wide range of regulatory functions. Previous studies have demonstrated that FGF7 regulates the proliferation and migration of epithelial cells, protects them, and promotes their repair.

Expert consensus on pediatric orthodontic therapies of malocclusions in children.

Malocclusion, identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as one of three major oral diseases, profoundly impacts the dental-maxillofacial functions, facial esthetics, and long-term development of ~260 million children in China. Beyond its physical manifestations, malocclusion also significantly influences the psycho-social well-being of these children. Timely intervention in malocclusion can foster an environment conducive to dental-maxillofacial development and substantially decrease the incidence of malocclusion or reduce the severity and complexity of malocclusion in the permanent dentition, by mitigating the negative impact of abnormal environmental influences on the growth.

Long non-coding RNA LncTUG1 regulates favourable compression force-induced cementocytes mineralization via PU.1/TLR4/SphK1 signalling.

Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is a highly coordinated biomechanical response to orthodontic forces with active remodelling of alveolar bone but minor root resorption. Such antiresorptive properties of root relate to cementocyte mineralization, the mechanisms of which remain largely unknown. This study used the microarray analysis to explore long non-coding ribonucleic acids involved in stress-induced cementocyte mineralization.

Piezo1 contributes to alveolar bone remodeling by activating β-catenin under compressive stress.

Introduction: The mechanosensitive ion channel, Piezo1, is responsible for transducing mechanical stimuli into intracellular biochemical signals and has been identified within periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs). Nonetheless, the precise biologic function of Piezo1 in the regulation of alveolar bone remodeling by PDLCs during compressive forces remains unclear. Therefore, this study focused on elucidating the role of the Piezo1 channel in alveolar bone remodeling and uncovering its underlying mechanisms.

AFF4 regulates osteogenic potential of human periodontal ligament stem cells via mTOR-ULK1-autophagy axis.

Scaffold protein AF4/FMR2 family member 4 (AFF4) has been found to play a role in osteogenic commitment of stem cells. However, function of AFF4 in human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) has not been studied yet. This present study aims to investigate the biological effect of AFF4 on osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs and potential mechanistic pathway.

LITTIP/Lgr6/HnRNPK complex regulates cementogenesis via Wnt signaling.

Orthodontically induced tooth root resorption (OIRR) is a serious complication during orthodontic treatment. Stimulating cementum repair is the fundamental approach for the treatment of OIRR. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) might be a potential therapeutic agent for OIRR, but its effects still lack direct evidence, and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

[Latest Findings on NOD-Like Receptor Family Pyrin Domain Containing Protein 3 Inflammasome and Bone and Articular Diseases].

Inflammasomes are important components of the innate immune system. They are assembled by cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptors and play a critical role in the pathogenesis and progression of various inflammatory diseases through regulating the release and activation of inflammatory cytokines and inducing cell prytosis. NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has been widely studied and has been shown to be closely associated with cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders.

Recent advances in horizontal alveolar bone regeneration.

Alveolar bone loss is widespread in all age groups and remains a severe hazard to periodontal health. Horizontal alveolar bone loss is the pattern of bone loss more commonly seen in periodontitis. Until now, limited regenerative procedures have been applied to treating horizontal alveolar bone loss in periodontal clinics, making it the least predictable periodontal defect type.

Mitochondrial Dynamics: Working with the Cytoskeleton and Intracellular Organelles to Mediate Mechanotransduction.

Cells are constantly exposed to various mechanical environments; therefore, it is important that they are able to sense and adapt to changes. It is known that the cytoskeleton plays a critical role in mediating and generating extra- and intracellular forces and that mitochondrial dynamics are crucial for maintaining energy homeostasis. Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which cells integrate mechanosensing, mechanotransduction, and metabolic reprogramming remain poorly understood.

Hydrogel platform with tunable stiffness based on magnetic nanoparticles cross-linked GelMA for cartilage regeneration and its intrinsic biomechanism.

Cartilage injury affects numerous individuals, but the efficient repair of damaged cartilage is still a problem in clinic. Hydrogel is a potent scaffold candidate for tissue regeneration, but it remains a big challenge to improve its mechanical property and figure out the interaction of chondrocytes and stiffness. Herein, a novel hybrid hydrogel with tunable stiffness was fabricated based on methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) and iron oxide nanoparticles (FeO) through chemical bonding.

The mechanism underlying the remodeling effect of lactoferrin on midpalatal sutures during maxillary expansion and relapse in rats.

Introduction: The remodeling effects of intragastric administration and intramaxillary injection of lactoferrin (LF) on midpalatal sutures (MPS) during maxillary expansion and relapse in rats were studied to explore the underlying bone remodeling mechanism.

Methods: Using a rat model of maxillary expansion and relapse, rats were treated with LF by intragastric administration (1 g·kg·d) or intramaxillary injection (5 mg·25 μl·d). The effects of LF on the osteogenic and osteoclast activities of MPS were observed by microcomputed tomography, histologic staining, and immunohistochemical staining, and the expressions of key factors in the extracellular regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) pathway and osteoprotegerin (OPG)-receptor activator of nuclear factor-KB ligand (RANKL)-receptor activator of nuclear factor-KB (RANK) axis were detected.

Cyclic tensile force modifies calvarial osteoblast function via the interplay between ERK1/2 and STAT3.

Background: Mechanical therapies, such as distraction osteogenesis, are widely used in dental clinics. During this process, the mechanisms by which tensile force triggers bone formation remain of interest. Herein, we investigated the influence of cyclic tensile stress on osteoblasts and identified the involvement of ERK1/2 and STAT3.

Cyclic di-adenosine monophosphate regulates the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs via MAPK and NF-κB signaling.

Cyclic di-adenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP) is a bacterial second messenger that can be recognized by infected host cells and activate the immunoinflammatory response. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the effect of c-di-AMP on the differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) and its underlying mechanisms. In the present study, we find that the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of patients with chronic periodontitis has a higher expression level of c-di-AMP than that of healthy people.

Engineered Plant Virus Complexes with a RANK Motif Modulator and Bone Targeting for Osteoporosis Treatment.

Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder characterized by excessive osteoclastic bone resorption and impaired osteoblastic bone formation. Traditional delivery of antiresorptive drugs lacks a specific biodistribution in the body and may cause adverse effects to the patients. In this study, the peptide BTRM is first synthesized consisting of the bone-targeting peptide Asp8 (BT) and the peptide derived from the amino acid sequences of RANK Motif2/3 (RM), two cytoplasmic RANK motifs (PVQEET and PVQEQG) that have been reported to play an important role in osteoclastogenesis.

Alpha-ketoglutarate up-regulates autophagic activity in peri-implant environment and enhances dental implant osseointegration in osteoporotic mice.

Aim: The osseointegration of dental implants is impaired in patients with osteoporosis, leading to significantly higher failure rates. This study set out to investigate the potential effects of alpha-ketoglutarate (α-KG) on implant osseointegration in an osteoporotic mouse model.

Materials And Methods: Female C57BL/6 mice received ovariectomy and bilateral first maxillary molar extraction at the age of 7 weeks.

[ HmuY and Its Possible Effect on the Pathogenesis of Periodontitis].

Periodontitis, one of the most common inflammatory oral diseases in human beings, threatens the health of teeth and mouth and is closely associated with the development of many systemic diseases. Existing research about the pathogenesis of periodontitis mainly focuses on the oral microbial homeostasis and its complex interaction with the immune system. Among all the oral microorganisms, ( ) is considered to be the main pathogen causing chronic periodontitis.

Osteoporosis and Alveolar Bone Health in Periodontitis Niche: A Predisposing Factors-Centered Review.

Periodontitis is a periodontal inflammatory condition that results from disrupted periodontal host-microbe homeostasis, manifested by the destruction of tooth-supporting structures, especially inflammatory alveolar bone loss. Osteoporosis is characterized by systemic deterioration of bone mass and microarchitecture. The roles of many systemic factors have been identified in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis, including endocrine change, metabolic disorders, health-impaired behaviors and mental stress.

Connective tissue growth factor promotes cementogenesis and cementum repair via Cx43/β-catenin axis.

Background: Orthodontic tooth movement inevitably induces cementum resorption, which is an urgent problem for orthodontists to confront. Human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) exert an important role in the orthodontic tooth movement and exhibit multidirectional differentiation ability in cementum regeneration. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is an important extracellular matrix protein for bone homeostasis and cell differentiation.